Satellite Systems Engineering in an IPv6 Environment[原版非扫描]: Satellite Systems Engineering in an IPv6 Environment.part1.rar

Contents
Preface.................................................................................................................................xv
Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................xvii
About the Author................................................................................................................xix
1. Introduction to Satellite Communications...................................................................1
1.1 Satellite Orbits.......................................................................................................... 2
1.2 Satellite Transmission Bands.................................................................................... 4
1.3 Satellite Signal Regeneration....................................................................................14
1.4 Satellite Transmission Chain...................................................................................17
1.5 Satellite Services......................................................................................................21
1.6 Satellite Applications with IPv6 Implications......................................................... 22
1.7 Non-Geostationary Satellites.................................................................................. 23
1.7.1 Low Earth Orbits (LEOs)...........................................................................25
1.7.2 Polar Satellites............................................................................................25
1.7.3 Medium Earth Orbits (MEO)/Intermediate Circular Orbits..................... 26
1.7.4 Highly Elliptical Orbits (HEOs)............................................................... 26
1.8 Glossary of Key Satellite Concepts and Terms........................................................ 26
References.........................................................................................................................33
2. Electromagnetic Propagation and Reception..............................................................35
2.1 Basic RF Terms and Concepts.................................................................................35
2.2 Basic Transmission Theory Concepts...................................................................... 37
2.2.1 Signal Propagation..................................................................................... 37
2.2.2 Polarization............................................................................................... 50
2.2.3 Basic Channel Operation............................................................................51
References.........................................................................................................................57
Appendix 2A: Maxwell Equations.....................................................................................57
3. Antenna Engineering Basics........................................................................................63
3.1 Antenna Operation................................................................................................. 63
3.2 Antenna Gain......................................................................................................... 72
3.3 Half-Power Beamwidth.......................................................................................... 78
3.4 Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP)............................................................. 80
3.5 Antenna Gain-to-Noise-Temperature (G/T )........................................................... 84
3.6 Antenna Taper........................................................................................................ 84
3.7 Antenna Patterns.................................................................................................... 86
3.7.1 Copolar Side-Lobe Guidelines................................................................... 92
3.7.2 Cross-Polar Side-Lobe Guidelines.............................................................. 93
3.7.3 FCC Side-Lobe Guidelines........................................................................ 93
3.8 Coverage Area of Satellite-Based Antenna.............................................................. 94
3.9 Satellite-Based Antennas and Shaped Beams.......................................................... 95
References........................................................................................................................ 95
Appendix 3A: Amplifier Preemphasis............................................................................... 96
Appendix 3B: FCC Rules on EIRP Density.....................................................................101
4. Modulation and Multiplexing Techniques................................................................103
4.1 Modulation...........................................................................................................103
4.1.1 Analog Frequency Modulation.................................................................104
4.1.2 Analog Amplitude Modulation.................................................................105
4.1.3 Phase Modulation.....................................................................................108
4.1.4 Digital Modulation and Constellations....................................................108
4.1.5 Eb/N0 (Eb over N0)....................................................................................119
4.1.6 Filters and Roll-Off Factors..................................................................... 126
4.1.6.1 Nyquist/Raised Cosine Filter....................................................129
4.1.6.2 Transmitter–Receiver Matched Filters..................................... 130
4.1.6.3 Gaussian Filter..........................................................................132
4.1.6.4 Filter Bandwidth Parameter Alpha...........................................132
4.1.6.5 Filter Bandwidth Effects...........................................................133
4.1.7 Predistortion.............................................................................................135
4.2 Multiple Access Schemes...................................................................................... 136
References.......................................................................................................................141
5. Error Correction Techniques.....................................................................................143
5.1 FEC Basics............................................................................................................143
5.1.1 Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH).................................................148
5.1.2 Reed–Solomon (RS).................................................................................148
5.1.3 Viterbi Algorithm.....................................................................................150
5.1.4 Turbo Codes.............................................................................................152
5.1.5 Parallel Concatenated Convolutional Code (PCCC)................................152
5.1.6 Serially Concatenated Convolutional Code (SCCC)................................154
5.1.7 Low-Density Parity Check Code (LDPC)................................................154
5.1.8 Turbo Product Code (TPC).....................................................................155
5.2 Specific Satellite Applications (DVB-S2)...............................................................156
References.......................................................................................................................161
6. Link Budget Analysis................................................................................................163
6.1 Overview...............................................................................................................163
6.2 Parameters Required to Analyze Link...................................................................174
6.2.1 Losses.......................................................................................................174
6.2.2 Free Space Loss (FSL)...............................................................................174
6.2.3 Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP)...............................................175
6.2.4 Receive System Noise...............................................................................175
6.2.5 Receive System Total System Noise Temperature.....................................176
6.2.6 Receive System Figure of Merit—(G/T)...................................................176
6.3 Basic Link Analysis Approach...............................................................................177
6.3.1 System Equations.....................................................................................177
6.3.2 Example Link Budget...............................................................................178
6.4 Auxiliary Equations...............................................................................................178
6.4.1 Antenna Gain...........................................................................................178
6.4.2 “Back-Off”...............................................................................................178
6.4.3 Satellite Link Budget Model.....................................................................181
6.4.4 Satellite Power Transfer and Back-Off......................................................181
6.4.5 Satellite Back-Off.....................................................................................182
6.4.6 Flux Density Attenuation.........................................................................183
6.4.7 Unity Antenna–Flux Density Conversion.................................................183
6.5 Performance Calculations......................................................................................184
6.5.1 Margin.....................................................................................................184
6.5.2 Performance Equations–FM.....................................................................184
6.5.3 TV Performance.......................................................................................185
6.5.4 FM Performance Threshold......................................................................185
6.5.5 Digital Modulation Performance..............................................................185
6.5.6 Rain Fade.................................................................................................186
6.5.6.1 Fade Characterization–Path Geometry.....................................186
6.5.6.2 Fade Characterization–Transmission Frequency.......................187
6.5.6.3 Use of Rain Fade Margins........................................................187
6.5.7 Digital Modulation...................................................................................188
6.5.8 Digital Modulator Output Bandwidth.....................................................189
6.5.9 Modulation Order....................................................................................189
6.5.10 Bandwidth Calculation and Spectral Efficiency........................................190
6.5.11 Example Bandwidth Calculation..............................................................190
6.5.12 Example Spectral Efficiency Calculation..................................................191
6.5.13 Error Performance of Digital Modulation................................................191
6.5.14 Coding Gain............................................................................................191
6.5.15 G/T Degradation......................................................................................193
6.5.16 Rain Models.............................................................................................193
6.5.17 Waveguide Losses.....................................................................................194
References.......................................................................................................................194
Appendix 6A: Formulas Generally Used in Link Budget Analysis...................................195
7. IPv6 Overview...........................................................................................................199
7.1 Opportunities Offered by IPv6............................................................................ 200
7.2 Introductory Overview of IPv6............................................................................ 204
7.2.1 IPv6 Benefits........................................................................................... 205
7.2.2 Traditional Addressing Classes for IPv4.................................................. 206
7.2.3 Network Address Translation Issues in IPv4............................................ 207
7.2.4 IPv6 Address Space................................................................................. 208
7.2.5 Basic Protocol Constructs........................................................................ 209
7.2.6 IPv6 Autoconfiguration............................................................................210
7.3 Migration and Coexistence....................................................................................215
7.4 IPv6 Addressing Mechanisms................................................................................218
7.4.1 Addressing Conventions...........................................................................218
7.4.2 Addressing Issues/Reachability.................................................................219
7.5 Address Types....................................................................................................... 223
7.5.1 Unicast IPv6 Addresses........................................................................... 223
7.5.1.1 Aggregatable Global Unicast Addresses................................... 223
7.5.1.2 Link-Local (Unicast) Addresses............................................... 224
7.5.1.3 Unspecified (Unicast) Address................................................. 224
7.5.1.4 Loopback (Unicast) Address.................................................... 224
7.5.1.5 Compatibility (Unicast) Addresses.......................................... 225
7.5.2 Multicast IPv6 Addresses........................................................................ 225
7.5.3 Anycast IPv6 Addresses........................................................................... 227
7.6 Addresses for Hosts and Routers........................................................................... 227
7.6.1 Interface Determination.......................................................................... 228
7.6.2 Mapping EUI-64 Addresses to IPv6
Interface Identifiers.................................................................................. 229
7.6.3 Mapping IEEE 802 Addresses to IPv6
Interface Identifiers.................................................................................. 229
7.6.4 Randomly Generated Interface Identifiers............................................... 229
7.7 IPv6 Infrastructure............................................................................................... 230
7.7.1 Protocol Mechanisms.............................................................................. 230
7.7.2 Protocol-Support Mechanisms................................................................ 230
7.8 Routing and Route Management.......................................................................... 234
7.9 Configuration Methods.........................................................................................235
7.10 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6.................................................. 238
7.11 IPv6 and Related Protocols (Details).................................................................... 240
7.12 IPv6 Header Format............................................................................................. 242
7.13 IPv6 Extension Headers....................................................................................... 243
7.13.1 Extension Header Order.......................................................................... 244
7.13.2 Options....................................................................................................245
7.13.3 Hop-by-Hop Options Header................................................................. 246
7.13.4 Routing Header........................................................................................247
7.13.5 Fragment Header......................................................................................250
7.13.6 Destination Options Header................................................................... 254
7.13.7 No Next Header.......................................................................................255
7.14 Packet Size Issues...................................................................................................255
7.15 Flow Labels...........................................................................................................256
7.16 Traffic Classes........................................................................................................256
7.17 Upper-Layer Protocol Issues..................................................................................256
7.17.1 Upper-Layer Checksums...........................................................................256
7.17.2 Maximum Packet Lifetime.......................................................................257
7.17.3 Maximum Upper-Layer Payload Size........................................................258
7.17.4 Responding to Packets Carrying Routing Headers...................................258
7.18 Semantics and Usage of the Flow Label Field........................................................258
7.19 Formatting Guidelines for Options.......................................................................259
7.20 Introduction to Addressing................................................................................... 262
7.21 IPv6 Addressing................................................................................................... 262
7.21.1 Addressing Model.................................................................................... 262
7.21.2 Text Representation of Addresses............................................................. 263
7.21.3 Text Representation of Address Prefixes................................................... 264
7.21.4 Address Type Identification..................................................................... 264
7.21.5 Unicast Addresses.....................................................................................265
7.21.5.1 Interface Identifiers...................................................................265
7.21.5.2 The Unspecified Address.......................................................... 266
7.21.5.3 The Loopback Address............................................................. 266
7.21.5.4 Global Unicast Addresses.........................................................267
7.21.5.5 IPv6 Addresses with Embedded IPv4 Addresses.......................267
7.21.5.6 Local-Use IPv6 Unicast Addresses........................................... 268
7.21.6 Anycast Addresses................................................................................... 268
7.21.6.1 Required Anycast Address....................................................... 269
7.21.7 Multicast Addresses................................................................................. 269
7.21.7.1 Predefined Multicast Addresses................................................270
7.21.8 A Node’s Required Addresses...................................................................271
7.22 IANA Considerations: The Initial Assignment of
IPv6 Address Space.............................................................................................. 272
7.23 Creating Modified EUI-64 Format Interface Identifiers....................................... 272
7.23.1 Links or Nodes with IEEE EUI-64 Identifiers........................................ 273
7.23.2 Links or Nodes with IEEE 802 48-Bit MACs......................................... 273
7.23.3 Links with Other Kinds of Identifiers.......................................................274
7.23.4 Links without Identifiers..........................................................................274
7.24 64-Bit Global Identifier (EUI-64) Registration Authority.....................................274
7.24.1 Application Restrictions...........................................................................275
7.24.2 Distribution Restrictions..........................................................................275
7.24.3 Application Documentation.....................................................................275
7.24.4 Manufacturer-Assigned Identifiers............................................................275
7.25 More on Transition Approaches and Mechanisms.................................................276
References...................................................................................................................... 277
Appendix 7A: Header Compression................................................................................ 278
8. Carrying IPv4, IPv6, and TCP over Satellite Links..................................................283
8.1 IP Networking...................................................................................................... 284
8.2 Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) Systems................................................... 286
8.3 Issues Related to TCP support...............................................................................293
8.4 TCP Performance-Affecting Mechanisms............................................................ 295
8.4.1 Background............................................................................................. 295
8.4.2 Classical TCP Mechanisms..................................................................... 296
8.4.3 Performance Improvements for TCP over Satellite Links........................ 298
8.4.3.1 TCP Extensions....................................................................... 298
8.4.3.2 Gateways/Performance
Enhancement Proxies (PEP).................................................... 299
8.4.4 Application-Level Approaches................................................................. 302
References...................................................................................................................... 303
9. Satellite Communication in IPv6 Environments......................................................305
9.1 Motivations for IPv6 Support............................................................................... 305
9.2 Initiatives for IPv6 Support.................................................................................. 307
9.2.1 The European Space Agency (ESA) Project............................................. 307
9.2.2 The SATSIX Project................................................................................ 309
9.2.3 European Commission’s Seventh Framework Program............................ 309
9.2.4 The European IPv6 Task Force.................................................................310
9.2.5 The “Anywhere, Anytime Internet Access” Project...................................312
9.2.6 Satellite Broadband Multimedia System for IPv6 (SATIP6) Project.........312
9.3 Actual IPv6 Satellite Demos and Services..............................................................313
9.4 IPv6 Implementation Scenarios and Issues............................................................314
References.......................................................................................................................315
Appendix A: Preparation for IPv6 in Satellite Communications..................317
Executive Summary..........................................................................................................317
Document History...........................................................................................................318
A.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................318
A.2 Project Objectives..................................................................................................318
A.3 Satellite Specific Protocol Issues for IPv6...............................................................319
A.3.1 Link Characteristics..................................................................................319
A.3.2 Satellite Specific Link Layers................................................................... 320
A.3.2.1 DVB-S Link Layer.................................................................. 320
A.3.2.2 DVB-RCS Link Layer............................................................. 320
A.3.3 Network Layer..........................................................................................321
A.3.3.1 Header Compression................................................................321
A.3.3.2 IPv6 Multicast..........................................................................321
A.3.3.3 IPv6 Multihoming...................................................................321
A.3.3.4 IPv6 Mobility Support.............................................................321
A.3.4 Enhanced Transport Layer Protocols....................................................... 322
A.3.5 Network Management and AAA Issues................................................... 322
A.4 Impact of IPv6 on Satellite Network Architectures and Services.......................... 322
A.4.1 Investigation of Various Satellite Architectures........................................ 323
A.4.2 Investigation of Modified Service Offerings............................................ 323
A.4.2.1 IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SAS)...................... 323
A.4.2.2 End-to-End IP Addressing....................................................... 323
A.4.2.3 Mobile IPv6 Route Optimization.............................................324
A.4.2.4 Mandatory IPsec.......................................................................324
A.4.2.5 Cryptographically Generated Addresses (CGAs)......................324
A.4.3 Detailed Transition Plans.........................................................................324
A.4.3.1 Transition Plan for a DVB-S/SCPC Teleport...........................324
A.4.3.2 Transition Plan for a DVB-S/RCS Teleport..............................325
A.5 IPv6 Demonstration over Satellite.........................................................................325
A.5.1 Demonstration Scenario 1: IABG.............................................................325
A.5.2 Demonstration Scenario 2: SILK............................................................. 326
A.6 Dissemination of Project Activities and Results.................................................... 326
A.7 Key Results and Recommendations.......................................................................327
A.7.1 Protocol Level Viewpoint.........................................................................327
A.7.2 Address Resolution and Configuration.....................................................327
A.7.3 System and Architectural Viewpoint........................................................327
A.7.4 Recommendable Standardization, Dissemination,
and Deployment Activities...................................................................... 328

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有中文版的就更方便了吧？

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很好的书，多谢楼主！