Advances in Mobile and Wireless Communications
Contributors........................................................................................XVII
Preface ............................................................................................... XXIII
Introduction......................................................................................... XXV
Part I Physical ............................................................................................1
1 Interleaving Strategies for Multidimensional
Concatenated Zigzag Codes................................................................3
1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................3
1.2 Zigzag Codes.................................................................................4
1.2.1 Encoding of Zigzag Codes ..................................................4
1.3 Multiple Interleavers .....................................................................6
1.3.1 Problem ...............................................................................6
1.3.2 Congruential Interleavers ....................................................8
1.3.3 Cyclic Shifted Multiple Interleavers ...................................9
1.3.4 UMTS Based Interleaver.....................................................9
1.3.5 Interleavers for Zigzag Codes ...........................................11
1.4 Simulation Results.......................................................................16
1.5 Conclusions .................................................................................19
References ...........................................................................................19
2 Simplified Channel-Aware Greedy Scheduling and
Antenna Selection Algorithms for Multiuser MIMO
Systems Employing Orthogonal Space Division Multiplexing ........ 23
2.1 Introduction .................................................................................23
2.2 System Model..............................................................................26
2.2.1 Block Diagonalization (BD) .............................................27
2.2.2 Successive Optimization (SO) ..........................................28
2.3 Fair Scheduling and Antenna Selection Algorithms ...................29
2.3.1 Joint User and Antenna Selection for Block
Diagonalization (BD) ........................................................30
2.3.2 Joint User and Antenna Selection for Successive
Optimization (SO).............................................................34
2.3.3 Subspace Correlation Based User Grouping.....................38
2.4 Impact of Receive Antenna Selection (RAS)..............................40
2.4.1 Receive Antenna Selection Algorithm 1 (RAS-I)............. 41
2.4.2 Receive Antenna Selection Algorithm 2 (RAS-II) ...........41
2.5 Simulation Results.......................................................................42
2.5.1 Correlation Threshold .......................................................42
2.5.2 Average Sum Rate Performance .......................................44
2.6 Conclusions .................................................................................49
Acknowledgements ............................................................................. 49
References ...........................................................................................50
3 On the Impact of Channel Estimation and Quantization
Errors for Various Spatio-Temporal Transmission Schemes .......53
3.1 Introduction .................................................................................53
3.2 Single Link MIMO Transmission ...............................................54
3.2.1 System Model ...................................................................54
3.2.2 Transmission Schemes ......................................................55
3.3 Multi-User Downlink MIMO Transmission ...............................58
3.3.1 System Model ...................................................................59
3.3.2 ZF Precoding for Multi-User Downlink Transmission .....59
3.4 Impact of Channel Estimation Errors at Receiver .......................59
3.4.1 Channel Estimation Error Model ...................................... 59
3.4.2 Simulation Results ............................................................61
3.5 Impact of Channel Quantization Errors at Transmitter ...............62
3.5.1 Random Vector Quantization............................................ 63
3.5.2 Simulation Results ............................................................64
3.6 Concluding Remarks and Further Comments ............................. 68
References ...........................................................................................69
4 On Multi-Cell Cooperative Signal Processing
in Backhaul-Constrained Cellular Systems ....................................71
4.1 Introduction .................................................................................71
4.2 Notation.......................................................................................72
4.3 System Model..............................................................................72
4.3.1 Optimization Framework ..................................................74
4.3.2 Optimization Problem .......................................................78
4.4 Optimization Approach ...............................................................79
4.4.1 User Grouping...................................................................80
4.4.2 Virtual MIMO Configuration............................................ 82
4.4.3 Beamforming Matrices......................................................82
4.4.4 Power Allocation...............................................................85
4.5 A Closer View on Subsystem Partitioning..................................86
4.6 Simulation Results.......................................................................89
4.7 Conclusions .................................................................................93
References ...........................................................................................94
Part II Access ...........................................................................................97
5 One-Shot Multi-Bid Auction and Pricing
in Dynamic Spectrum Allocation Networks ....................................99
5.1 Introduction .................................................................................99
5.1.1 Trading and Liberalization................................................99
5.1.2 Rights and Obligations....................................................100
5.1.3 Interference .....................................................................100
5.2 Related Works ...........................................................................101
5.3 Spatio-temporal DSA Model.....................................................102
5.3.1 Interference and Spectrum Efficiency.............................102
5.3.2 Feasible Allocation..........................................................104
5.3.3 Interference Tolerance ....................................................105
5.4 Pricing Scheme in the Proposed DSA Model............................105
5.4.1 Inputs...............................................................................105
5.4.2 Allocation and Pricing Rules ..........................................106
5.5 Example.....................................................................................108
5.6 Conclusion.................................................................................111
References .........................................................................................112
6 Resource Allocation Strategies for SDMA/OFDMA Systems ....... 115
6.1 Introduction ...............................................................................115
6.2 System Model............................................................................117
6.3 Space-Frequency/Time Resource Allocation ............................119
6.3.1 SDMA Algorithm: Greedy Regularized
Correlation-Based Algorithm..........................................120
6.3.2 Frequency/Time Assignment Algorithm:
Group-to-Resource Assignment......................................121
6.3.3 Resource Allocation Strategy..........................................123
6.4 Frequency/Time-Space Resource Allocation ............................124
6.4.1 SDMA Algorithm: Successive Projections Algorithm ...124
6.4.2 Frequency/Time Assignment Algorithm:
User-to-Resource Assignment ........................................125
6.4.3 Resource Allocation Strategy..........................................126
6.5 Analysis and Simulation Results ...............................................126
6.6 Conclusions ...............................................................................132
References .........................................................................................132
Part III Techniques and Technologies .................................................135
7 Moment-Based Estimation of the Signal-to-Noise
Ratio for Oversampled Narrowband Signals................................137
7.1 Introduction ...............................................................................137
7.2 Equivalent Baseband Model...................................................... 137
7.3 Moment-Based SNR Estimation ............................................... 138
7.4 Computation of the Correlation Index....................................... 140
7.5 Higher-Order Statistics..............................................................142
7.6 Simulation Results.....................................................................144
7.7 Conclusions ...............................................................................147
References .........................................................................................147
8 Estimation of Rain Attenuation Distribution on Terrestrial
Microwave Links with General N-State Markov Model..............149
8.1 Introduction ...............................................................................149
8.2 Stationary Examination of Rain Attenuation Process ............... 150
8.3 The N-state Markov Model ....................................................... 151
8.4 Model Parameterization ............................................................154
8.5 Applying the Proposed Model for a Designated Link............... 157
8.6 Results .......................................................................................158
8.7 Conclusion.................................................................................160
Acknowledgement ............................................................................. 161
References .........................................................................................161
9 An Investigation of the Applicability of Fade Duration
Markov Model in Attenuation Time Series Synthesis
for Multipath Fading Channel .......................................................163
9.1 Introduction ...............................................................................163
9.2 Description of the Measured Data............................................. 164
9.3 Stationarity Investigations of the Attenuation Process.............. 164
9.4 Event Modeling with Two-State Markov Chain ....................... 167
9.5 The Attenuation Threshold Dependent Fade Duration
Model ........................................................................................ 168
9.6 From the Fade Duration Model to the Two-State
Fade/Non-fade Model................................................................ 171
9.7 Simulate a Single Fading Event ................................................ 173
9.8 Modeling the Scintillation ......................................................... 176
9.9 Evaluation of the Synthesized Time Series ............................... 176
9.10 Summary ...................................................................................178
Acknowledgment...............................................................................179
References .........................................................................................179
10 Cost-Optimised Active Receive Array Antenna
for Mobile Satellite Terminals ........................................................181
10.1 Introduction ...............................................................................181
10.2 System Scenario ........................................................................181
10.3 Simulation Assessments ............................................................182
10.3.1 Environmental Conditions..............................................182
10.3.2 Directional Land Mobile Satellite Channel Model.........183
10.3.3 Conformal Array Simulations ........................................187
10.4 Antenna Design .........................................................................190
10.5 Digital Beamforming.................................................................193
10.5.1 Implementation Aspects .................................................195
10.6 Conclusions ...............................................................................199
References .........................................................................................199
11 Scheduling Techniques for Mobile Broadcast
and Multicast Services.....................................................................201
11.1 Introduction ...............................................................................201
11.2 Problem Analysis ......................................................................202
11.2.1 Introduction of MBMS...................................................202
11.2.2 Scheduling and Congestion Control in MBMS..............203
11.3 Concepts and Algorithms ..........................................................205
11.3.1 Dynamic MBMS Resource Scheduler............................205
11.3.2 Scheduling of Carousel Services ....................................209
11.3.3 Scheduling of Streaming Services..................................212
11.4 Performance Evaluation ............................................................215
11.4.1 Evaluation of Scheduling for Carousel Services ............215
11.4.2 Evaluation of Scheduling for Streaming Services..........216
11.4.3 Evaluation of Dynamic MBMS Resource Scheduler .....217
11.5 Conclusions ...............................................................................217
Acknowledgment...............................................................................219
References .........................................................................................219
Part IV Networks ...................................................................................221
12 Body Area Network and Its Standardization at
IEEE 802.15.BAN ............................................................................223
12.1 Introduction ...............................................................................223
12.2 SG-BAN and BAN Definition...................................................224
12.3 BAN Applications and Usage Models ......................................227
12.3.1 Medical and Healthcare Applications ............................ 227
12.3.2 Applications for Assisting Persons with Disabilities ..... 229
12.3.3 Entertainment Applications ............................................231
12.4 Some Short-Range Technologies and a Prototype BAN...........232
12.4.1 BAN Requirements and Some Short-Range
Wireless Technologies ................................................... 232
12.4.2 A Prototype BAN System ..............................................233
12.5 Issues in Discussion and Future Work ......................................235
12.5.1 Wearable BAN and Implant BAN ................................. 235
12.5.2 Frequency regulations ....................................................236
12.6 Conclusion.................................................................................237
References .........................................................................................237
13 Generic Abstraction of Access Performance and
Resources for Multi-Radio Access Management ..........................239
13.1 Introduction ...............................................................................239
13.2 Multi-Radio Access Architecture ..............................................240
13.3 Service Requirements................................................................242
13.3.1 Reliability Requirements of Applications...................... 243
13.3.2 Rate Requirements of Applications ............................... 243
13.3.3 Delay Requirements of Applications .............................244
13.4 Service Specification.................................................................244
13.5 Generic Access Performance Abstraction ................................. 246
13.6 Generic Access Resource Abstraction.......................................248
13.6.1 Generic Access Resource Metrics..................................248
13.6.2 Access Resource Structures and Combined
Access Resource Metrics ...............................................251
13.7 Access Selection Process...........................................................253
13.7.1 Policy-based Access Selection....................................... 254
13.7.2 Dynamic Access Selection.............................................254
13.8 Conclusion.................................................................................257
Acknowledgments ............................................................................. 258
References .........................................................................................258
14 A Decentralized RAT Selection Algorithm
Enabled by IEEE P1900.4...............................................................261
14.1 Introduction ...............................................................................261
14.2 RAT Selection Enablers Defined by IEEE P1900.4.................. 263
14.3 Case Study: Interference Reduction through
Decentralized RAT selection..................................................... 265
14.4 Simulation Model......................................................................269
14.5 Results in a Single Service Scenario .........................................270
14.6 Results in a Multi-service Scenario...........................................272
14.7 Conclusions ...............................................................................275
Acknowledgement .............................................................................276
References .........................................................................................276
Part V Applications ...............................................................................279
15 Business Models for Local Mobile Services Enabled by
Convergent Online Charging .........................................................281
15.1 Introduction ...............................................................................281
15.2 Business Models for Mobile Services .......................................282
15.2.1 The LOMS Role Model .................................................282
15.2.2 Categories of Mobile Services & Different
Charge Types .................................................................284
15.3 A News Publishing Scenario .....................................................286
15.3.1 Charging of Service Usage and Revenue Sharing .........286
15.3.2 Mobile User Outside the Event Area .............................288
15.3.3 Mobile user inside the event area...................................289
15.3.4 Requirements for Convergent Online Charging.............290
15.4 Extending Charging and Billing Systems..................................290
15.4.1 Design of the Online Charging Interfaces......................292
15.4.2 System Design and Benefits...........................................293
15.5 Conclusion & Outlook...............................................................294
References .........................................................................................295
16 Rights Management for User Content...........................................297
16.1 Introduction ...............................................................................297
16.2 Background ...............................................................................298
16.3 Devices in the Home Network ..................................................300
16.4 Rights Management...................................................................301
16.5 Usage Scenarios ........................................................................302
16.5.1 Commercial Content ......................................................303
16.5.2 User Content ..................................................................305
16.6 Authentication and Encryption..................................................307
16.7 Service Architecture ..................................................................308
16.8 Future Work ..............................................................................310
16.9 Conclusion.................................................................................311
References .........................................................................................311
Part VI Systems......................................................................................313
17 Distributed Cross-Layer Approaches for VoIP Rate Control
over DVB-S2/RCS ...........................................................................315
17.1 Introduction ...............................................................................315
17.2 System Model............................................................................316
17.2.1 Centralized vs. Distributed Approaches.........................317
17.3 QoS Model ................................................................................318
17.4 RTCP-Driven Cross-Layer Distributed VoIP Rate Control ......319
17.4.1 RTCP Reports ................................................................319
17.4.2 Bank of Narrowband Non-Adaptive Codecs .................320
17.5 AMR-WB-Based Cross-Layer VoIP Distributed Rate Control 320
17.5.1 AMR-WB Codec............................................................321
17.5.2 Cross-layer VoIP Rate Control ......................................321
17.6 Delay Budget Model and Performance Model.......................... 322
17.7 Numerical Results .....................................................................324
17.8 Conclusion.................................................................................329
References .........................................................................................329
18 Optical Satellite Downlinks to Optical Ground Stations and
High-Altitude Platforms .................................................................331
18.1 Introduction ...............................................................................331
18.2 Solving the Challenge of Cloud-Blockage ................................ 332
18.3 System Comparison...................................................................333
18.3.1 Earth Observation Scenario............................................ 333
18.3.2 State of the Art RF Downlink ........................................ 333
18.3.3 Proposed RF Downlink..................................................334
18.3.4 Proposed Optical Downlink ........................................... 334
18.3.5 Proposed Combined RF-Optical Downlink ................... 335
18.3.6 Proposed GEO Relay ..................................................... 335
18.3.7 Proposed HAP Relay .....................................................336
18.4 Comparison of Downlink Scenarios.......................................... 338
18.5 Cloud Cover Statistics and OGS-Diversity ............................... 338
18.6 Availability of OGS-Networks..................................................340
18.6.1 OGS Network within Germany...................................... 341
18.6.2 OGS Network within Europe ......................................... 342
18.6.3 World Wide OGS Network............................................342
18.7 Wavelength Selection and Terminal Architecture..................... 344
18.8 Conclusion.................................................................................348
References .........................................................................................349
19 Wireless Applications in Healthcare and Welfare........................351
19.1 Introduction ...............................................................................351
19.2 Wireless Hospital Concept ........................................................352
19.2.1 Network Topologies.......................................................354
19.3 Application Areas......................................................................358
19.3.1 Wireless Hospital ...........................................................358
19.3.2 Wireless Sensors ............................................................361
19.3.3 Sport Training ................................................................362
19.3.4 Enterprise Resource Planning System ...........................362
19.4 Conclusions and Future Visions................................................362
Acknowledgment...............................................................................363
References .........................................................................................363
20 Analytical Analysis of the Performance Overheads of IPsec
in MIPv6 Scenarios..........................................................................365
20.1 Introduction ...............................................................................365
20.2 Security Configurations.............................................................366
20.3 Reference Scenario and Network Model...................................368
20.4 Performance Analysis................................................................369
20.4.1 Calculation Method........................................................370
20.4.2 Input Parameters ............................................................373
20.4.3 Results............................................................................378
20.5 Concluding Remarks and Future Work.....................................383
Acknowledgments .............................................................................384
References .........................................................................................384
Index........................................................................................................387
Advances in Mobile and Wireless Communications: Advances in Mobile and Wireless Communications.part1.rar
