Numerical Techniques In Electromagnetics - 2a Ed [Sadiku, CRC Pres.part2.rar

Numerical Techniques In Electromagnetics - 2a Ed [Sadiku, CRC Pres

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Preface
The art of computation of electromagnetic (EM) problems has grown exponentially
for three decades due to the availability of powerful computer resources. In spite
of this, the EM community has suffered without a suitable text on computational
techniques commonly used in solving EM-related problems. Although there have
been monographs on one particular technique or the other, the monographs are written
for the experts rather than students. Only a few texts cover the major techniques and
do that in a manner suitable for classroom use. It seems experts in this area are
familiar with one or few techniques and not many experts seem to be familiar with
all the common techniques. This text attempts to fill the gap.
The text is intended for seniors or graduate students and may be used for a onesemester
or two-semester course. The main requirements for students taking a course
based on this text are introductory EM courses and a knowledge of a high-level
computer language, preferably FORTRAN or C. Software packages such as Matlab
and Mathcad may be helpful tools. Although familiarity with linear algebra and
numerical analysis is useful, it is not required.
In writing this book, three major objectives were borne in mind. First, the book is
intended to teach students how to pose, numerically analyze, and solve EMproblems.
Second, it is designed to give them the ability to expand their problem solving skills
using a variety of available numerical methods. Third, it is meant to prepare graduate
students for research in EM. The aim throughout has been simplicity of presentation
so that the text can be useful for both teaching and self-study. In striving after
simplicity, however, the reader is referred to the references for more information.
Toward the end of each chapter, the techniques covered in the chapter are applied
to real life problems. Since the application of the technique is as vast as EM and
author’s experience is limited, the choice of application is selective.
Chapter 1 covers some fundamental concepts in EM. Chapter 2 is intended to put
numerical methods in a proper perspective. Analytical methods such as separation
of variables and series expansion are covered. Chapter 3 discusses the finite difference
methods and begins with the derivation of difference equation from a partial
differential equation (PDE) using forward, backward, and central differences. The
finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique involving Yee’s algorithm is prev
sented and applied to scattering problems. Numerical integration is covered using
trapezoidal, Simpson’s, Newton-Cotes rules, and Gaussian quadratures.
Chapter 4 on variational methods serves as a preparatory ground for the next two
major topics: moment methods and finite element methods. Basic concepts such
as inner product, self-adjoint operator, functionals, and Euler equation are covered.
Chapter 5 on moment methods focuses on the solution of integral equations. Chapter
6 on finite element method covers the basic steps involved in using the finite
element method. Solutions of Laplace’s, Poisson’s, and wave equations using the
finite element method are covered.
Chapter 7 is devoted to transmission-line matrix or modeling (TLM). The method
is applied to diffusion and scattering problems. Chapter 8 is on Monte Carlo methods,
while Chapter 9 is on the method of lines.
Since the publication of the first edition, there has been an increased awareness and
utilization of numerical techniques. Many graduate curricula now include courses
in numerical analysis of EM problems. However, not much has changed in computational
electromagnetics. A major noticeable change is in the FDTD method. The
method seems to have attracted much attention and many improvements are being
made to the standard algorithm. This edition adds the noticeable change in incorporating
absorbing boundary conditions in FDTD, FEM, and TLM. Chapter 9 is a new
chapter on the method of lines.
Acknowledgements
I amgreatly indebted to Temple University for granting me a sabbatical in Fall 1998
during which I was able to do most of the revision. I specifically would like to thank
mydean, Dr.Keya Sadeghipour, andmychairman, Dr. John Helferty, for their support.
Special thanks are due to Raymond Garcia of Georgia Tech for writing Appendices C
and D in C++. I am deeply grateful to Dr. Arthur D. Snider of the University of
South Florida and Mohammad R. Zunoubi of Mississippi State University for taking
the time to send me the list of errors in the first edition. I thank Dr. Reinhold Pregla
for helping in clarifying concepts in Chapter 9 on the method of lines. I express
my deepest gratitude to my wife, Chris, and our daughters, Ann and Joyce, for their
patience, sacrifices, and prayers.
A Note to Students
Before you embark on writing your own computer program or using the ones in this
text, you should try to understand all relevant theoretical backgrounds. A computer
is no more than a tool used in the analysis of a program. For this reason, you should
be as clear as possible what the machine is really being asked to do before setting it
off on several hours of expensive computations.
It has been well said by A.C. Doyle that “It is a capital mistake to theorize before
you have all the evidence. It biases the judgment.” Therefore, you should never trust
the results of a numerical computation unless they are validated, at least in part. You
validate the results by comparing them with those obtained by previous investigators
or with similar results obtained using a different approach which may be analytical
or numerical. For this reason, it is advisable that you become familiar with as many
numerical techniques as possible.
The references provided at the end of each chapter are by no means exhaustive but
are meant to serve as the starting point for further reading.

of EM Problems
1.3.1 Classification of Solution Regions
1.3.2 Classification of Differential Equations
1.3.3 Classification of Boundary Conditions
1.4 Some Important Theorems
1.4.1 Superposition Principle
1.4.2 Uniqueness Theorem
References
Problems
2 Analytical Methods
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Separation of Variables
2.3 Separation of Variables in Rectangular Coordinates
2.3.1 Laplace’s Equations
2.3.2 Wave Equation
2.4 Separation of Variables in Cylindrical Coordinates
2.4.1 Laplace’s Equation
2.4.2 Wave Equation
2.5 Separation of Variables in Spherical Coordinates
2.5.1 Laplace’s Equation
2.5.2 Wave Equation
2.6 Some Useful Orthogonal Functions
2.7 Series Expansion
2.7.1 Poisson’s Equation in a Cube
2.7.2 Poisson’s Equation in a Cylinder
2.7.3 Strip Transmission Line
2.8 Practical Applications
2.8.1 Scattering by Dielectric Sphere
2.8.2 Scattering Cross Sections
2.9 Attenuation Due to Raindrops
2.10 Concluding Remarks
References
Problems
3 Finite Difference Methods
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Finite Difference Schemes
3.3 Finite Differencing of Parabolic PDEs
3.4 Finite Differencing of Hyperbolic PDEs
3.5 Finite Differencing of Elliptic PDEs
3.5.1 Band Matrix Method
3.5.2 Iterative Methods
3.6 Accuracy and Stability of FD Solutions
3.7 Practical Applications I — Guided Structures
3.7.1 Transmission Lines
3.7.2 Waveguides
3.8 Practical Applications II — Wave Scattering (FDTD)
3.8.1 Yee’s Finite Difference Algorithm
3.8.2 Accuracy and Stability
3.8.3 Lattice Truncation Conditions
3.8.4 Initial Fields
3.8.5 Programming Aspects
3.9 Absorbing Boundary Conditions for FDTD
3.10 Finite Differencing for Nonrectangular Systems
3.10.1 Cylindrical Coordinates
3.10.2 Spherical Coordinates
3.11 Numerical Integration
3.11.1 Euler’s Rule
3.11.2 Trapezoidal Rule
3.11.3 Simpson’s Rule
3.11.4 Newton-Cotes Rules
3.11.5 Gaussian Rules
3.11.6 Multiple Integration
3.12 Concluding Remarks
References
Problems
4 Variational Methods
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Operators in Linear Spaces
4.3 Calculus of Variations
4.4 Construction of Functionals from PDEs
4.5 Rayleigh-Ritz Method
4.6 Weighted Residual Method
4.6.1 Collocation Method
4.6.2 Subdomain Method
4.6.3 Galerkin Method
4.6.4 Least Squares Method
4.7 Eigenvalue Problems
4.8 Practical Applications
4.9 Concluding Remarks
References
Problems
5 Moment Methods
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Integral Equations
5.2.1 Classification of Integral Equations
5.2.2 Connection Between Differential and Integral Equations
5.3 Green’s Functions
5.3.1 For Free Space
5.3.2 For Domain with Conducting Boundaries
5.4 Applications I — Quasi-Static Problems
5.5 Applications II — Scattering Problems
5.5.1 Scattering by Conducting Cylinder
5.5.2 Scattering by an Arbitrary Array of Parallel Wires
5.6 Applications III — Radiation Problems
5.6.1 Hallen’s Integral Equation
5.6.2 Pocklington’s Integral Equation
5.6.3 Expansion and Weighting Functions
5.7 Applications IV — EM Absorption in the Human Body
5.7.1 Derivation of Integral Equations
5.7.2 Transformation to Matrix Equation (Discretization)
5.7.3 Evaluation of Matrix Elements
5.7.4 Solution of the Matrix Equation
5.8 Concluding Remarks
References
Problems
6 Finite Element Method
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Solution of Laplace’s Equation
6.2.1 Finite Element Discretization
6.2.2 Element Governing Equations
6.2.3 Assembling of All Elements
6.2.4 Solving the Resulting Equations
6.3 Solution of Poisson’s Equation
6.3.1 Deriving Element-governing Equations
6.3.2 Solving the Resulting Equations
6.4 Solution of the Wave Equation
6.5 Automatic Mesh Generation I — Rectangular Domains
6.6 Automatic Mesh Generation II — Arbitrary Domains
6.6.1 Definition of Blocks
6.6.2 Subdivision of Each Block
6.6.3 Connection of Individual Blocks
6.7 Bandwidth Reduction
6.8 Higher Order Elements
6.8.1 Pascal Triangle
6.8.2 Local Coordinates
6.8.3 Shape Functions
6.8.4 Fundamental Matrices
6.9 Three-Dimensional Elements
6.10 Finite Element Methods for Exterior Problems
6.10.1 Infinite Element Method
6.10.2 Boundary Element Method
6.10.3 Absorbing Boundary Conditions
6.11 Concluding Remarks
References
Problems
7 Transmission-line-matrix Method
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Transmission-line Equations
7.3 Solution of Diffusion Equation
7.4 Solution of Wave Equations
7.4.1 Equivalence Between Network and Field Parameters
7.4.2 Dispersion Relation of Propagation Velocity
7.4.3 Scattering Matrix
7.4.4 Boundary Representation
7.4.5 Computation of Fields and Frequency Response
7.4.6 Output Response and Accuracy of Results
7.5 Inhomogeneous and Lossy Media in TLM
7.5.1 General Two-Dimensional Shunt Node
7.5.2 Scattering Matrix
7.5.3 Representation of Lossy Boundaries
7.6 Three-Dimensional TLM Mesh
7.6.1 Series Nodes
7.6.2 Three-Dimensional Node
7.6.3 Boundary Conditions
7.7 Error Sources and Correction
7.7.1 Truncation Error
7.7.2 Coarseness Error
7.7.3 Velocity Error
7.7.4 Misalignment Error
7.8 Absorbing Boundary Conditions
7.9 Concluding Remarks
References
Problems
8 Monte Carlo Methods
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Generation of Random Numbers and Variables
8.3 Evaluation of Error
8.4 Numerical Integration
8.4.1 Crude Monte Carlo Integration
8.4.2 Monte Carlo Integration with Antithetic Variates
8.4.3 Improper Integrals
8.5 Solution of Potential Problems
8.5.1 Fixed Random Walk
8.5.2 Floating Random Walk
8.5.3 Exodus Method
8.6 Regional Monte Carlo Methods
8.7 Concluding Remarks
References
Problems
9 Method of Lines
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Solution of Laplace’s Equation
9.2.1 Rectangular Coordinates
9.2.2 Cylindrical Coordinates
9.3 Solution of Wave Equation
9.3.1 Planar Microstrip Structures
9.3.2 Cylindrical Microstrip Structures
9.4 Time-Domain Solution
9.5 Concluding Remarks
References
Problems
A Vector Relations
A.1 Vector Identities
A.2 Vector Theorems
A.3 Orthogonal Coordinates
B Solving Electromagnetic Problems Using C++ B.1 Introduction
B.2 A Brief Description of C++
B.3 Object-Orientation
B.4 C++ Object-Oriented Language Features
B.5 A Final Note
References
C Numerical Techniques in C++
D Solution of Simultaneous Equations
D.1 Elimination Methods
D.1.1 Gauss’s Method
D.1.2 Cholesky’s Method
D.2 Iterative Methods
D.2.1 Jacobi’s Method
D.2.2 Gauss-Seidel Method
D.2.3 Relaxation Method
D.2.4 Gradient Methods . . . .
D.3 Matrix Inversion
D.4 Eigenvalue Problems
D.4.1 Iteration (or Power) Method
D.4.2 Jacobi’s Method
E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems

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本帖最后由 huangfeihong88 于 2009-11-11 09:43 编辑

:29bb :29bb

本帖最后由 huangfeihong88 于 2009-11-11 09:43 编辑

:11bb :27bb

好书，感谢楼主分享!!:11bb :27bb

:11bb :11bb :11bb

十分感谢，感谢楼主的辛勤工作，祝新年快乐!:30bb

目率不错！！下来看看！！谢谢楼主！！:11bb :11bb

goo:11bb :27bb :29bb :29bb d

好书，谢谢分享~~~~~~:11bb

多谢分享

：9de 下载书籍不说话是种美德：9de

感谢楼主分享
:11bb :11bb :11bb :11bb

好书
值得学习
谢谢楼主
！！！！！！！！

谢谢，楼主，:30bb ，:29bb

Thank's a nice book, thank you very much!

:11bb :11bb :11bb

:27bb :27bb :27bb

:11bb :27bb :29bb :30bb :31bb

绝对的好书，就是怕没时间阅读呀！

本帖最后由 huangfeihong88 于 2009-11-11 09:31 编辑

:11bb

好资料，想看看，呵呵，谢谢分享！

本帖最后由 huangfeihong88 于 2009-11-11 09:32 编辑

good

本帖最后由 huangfeihong88 于 2009-11-11 09:32 编辑

顶！

还没见过这本，下载回复下

这本书把基本的用于电磁计算的算法都做了一下介绍，值得去看一下。谢谢了！

本帖最后由 huangfeihong88 于 2009-11-11 09:32 编辑

:27bb :27bb

谢谢。。。。。。。。。。。。

谢谢分享。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。

:27bb:14bb

:21bb:22bb:23bb

多谢多谢
好资料
:27bb

内容非常好
不知啥原因第三章没有
第三章可能页数也不怎么多

内容非常好
不知啥原因第三章没有
第三章可能页数也不怎么多

谢谢分享！

:27bb 6# 00d44

谢谢谢谢谢谢

谢谢楼主 好人啊！！！！！！！！

谢谢分享，正好在做一个题目呢，这个用得到

切下来看看

谢谢楼主的贡献

谢谢分享好资源

:27bb

:16bb:16bb

老大  想要啊~~

学习一下。。。

Thank you for your sharing

翻阅过这本书的硬Copy版本

这本书不错，内容安排上类似于国内盛剑倪的那本，里面有一些Fortran代码，C/C++是在附录里面的。

其中的EM Absorption in the Human Body不是很多书上都有的，值得一看

好书啊，下来看看，有没有第三版啊？

应该是本挺好的书

mom? have a look

太谢谢！！

gppd thanks

{:4_195:}:30bb

very nice!

hao书，好人，好网

好东东啊，谢谢楼主啊

谢谢楼主分享
好书
值得学习

开心下载啊 aaaaaaaaa

多谢分享，谢谢

{:7_1234:}

这本书缺了一章，第五章，moment method

正需要的  感谢楼主分享

{:7_1234:}

我也要看，哈哈~

楼主同志，这个书怎么少了第三章啊，少了时域有限差分的那一部分！能不能加上啊，万分感谢！

study and thank you

回复 learnerlcy 的帖子
原书少了，我就没法了，不是我的问题哈

   

回复 00d44 的帖子
哦，这本书中很明显的少了第三章，不知道哪里有得下，我比较倒霉哈，偏偏的就需要第三章！

   

回复 learnerlcy 的帖子


    只能期待或找找其他地方或谁有全一点的版本

{:7_1233:}{:7_1234:}{:7_1234:}

自己填写

谢谢楼主的无私奉献~

謝謝樓主分享

谢谢分享好书

谢谢慷慨的楼主

这本书不错，我学习计算电磁学的第一部分资料就是一个朋友发给我的第五章，后来找到了整本书。不过也就是第五章仔细看了，其他各章看得不是那么仔细

好书啊{:7_1257:}

好东西啊！

谢谢，楼主{:7_1235:}{:7_1235:}

{:7_1234:}

十分感谢，感谢楼主的辛勤工作

好书，感谢楼主啊！！

have a look

好书，谢谢分享~~~~~~

谢谢楼主了

好书！{:7_1235:}

严重的需要下载下来研究一下

难不成回复这就可以看到第一个包了，哈哈

很不错！太有帮助

{:7_1257:}

{:7_1257:}

good 谢谢，楼主

kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkknnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn

谢谢分享

学习学习

thnak you

哎，开始搞算法鸟了！

Numerical Techniques In Electromagnetics - 2a Ed [

多谢共享 这里很给力

能不能发一个全的  没有第三章 finite difference

值得一读

谢谢楼主！！ 下来看看！！

好书，感谢楼主分享!!

呵呵，好东西

下来看看！！谢谢楼主！！

thanks

谢谢楼主分享！

太牛逼了，多谢多谢

我回复乐乐乐乐

啥也不说了，楼主就是给力！

多谢分享

upppppppppppppppppppp

认真研究一下吧！！！

下来看看

kankan

好书，感谢楼主分享!

Sadiku has very good book I learn from him.

认真学习一下

感谢楼主分享

看看楼主的好东东

感谢楼主分享

谢楼主分享！

Numerical Techniques In Electromagnetics

额头高4の4跟他他个人他个人高官如果