Ultra Wideband Antennas and Propagation for Communications, Radar and Imaging:Ultra Wideband Antennas and Propagation for Communications, Radar and Imaging
By Ben Allen, Mischa Dohler, Ernest Okon, Wasim Malik, Anthony Brown, David Edwards
Publisher: Wiley
Number Of Pages: 508
Publication Date: 2006-12-01
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 0470032553
ISBN-13 / EAN: 9780470032558
Binding: Hardcover
Providing up-to-date material for UWB antennas and propagation as used in a wide variety of applications, “Ultra-wideband Antennas and Propagation for Communications, Radar and Imaging” includes fundamental theory, practical design information and extensive discussion of UWB applications from biomedical imaging, through to radar and wireless communications.
An in-depth treatment of ultra-wideband signals in practical environments is given, including interference, coexistence and diversity considerations. The text includes antennas and propagation in biological media in addition to more conventional environments. The topics covered are approached with the aim of helping practising engineers to view the subject from a different angle, and to consider items as variables that were treated as constants in narrowband and wideband systems.
Features tables of propagation data, photographs of antenna systems and graphs of results (e.g. radiation patterns, propagation characteristics)
Covers the fundamentals of antennas and propagation, as well as offering an in-depth treatment of antenna elements and arrays for UWB systems, and UWB propagation models
Provides a description of the underlying concepts for the design of antennas and arrays for conventional as well as ultra-wideband systems
Draws together UWB theory by using case-studies to show applications of antennas and propagation in communication, radar and imaging systems
The book highlights the unique design issues of using ultra-wideband and will serve both as an introductory text and a reference guide for designers and students alike.
是的，版主，怎么看不见附件啊
Contents
Editors xv
Prime Contributors xvii
Preface xxi
Acknowledgments xxvii
Abbreviations & Acronyms xxix
1 Introduction to UWB Signals and Systems 1
Andreas F. Molisch
1.1 History of UWB 1
1.2 Motivation 3
1.2.1 Large Absolute Bandwidth 3
1.2.2 Large Relative Bandwidth 5
1.3 UWB Signals and Systems 6
1.3.1 Impulse Radio 6
1.3.2 DS-CDMA 8
1.3.3 OFDM 9
1.3.4 Frequency Hopping 10
1.3.5 RADAR 11
1.3.6 Geolocation 11
1.4 Frequency Regulation 12
1.5 Applications, Operating Scenarios and Standardisation 13
1.6 System Outlook 15
References 16
Part I Fundamentals 19
Introduction to Part I 21
Wasim Q. Malik and David J. Edwards
2 Fundamental Electromagnetic Theory 25
Mischa Dohler
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 Maxwell’s Equations 25
2.2.1 Differential Formulation 25
2.2.2 Interpretation 26
2.2.3 Key to Antennas and Propagation 27
vi Contents
2.2.4 Solving Maxwell’s Equations 28
2.2.5 Harmonic Representation 29
2.3 Resulting Principles 30
References 30
3 Basic Antenna Elements 31
Mischa Dohler
3.1 Introduction 31
3.2 Hertzian Dipole 31
3.2.1 Far-Field – Fraunhofer Region 33
3.2.2 Near-Field – Fresnel Region 33
3.3 Antenna Parameters and Terminology 34
3.3.1 Polarisation 34
3.3.2 Power Density 35
3.3.3 Radiated Power 36
3.3.4 Radiation Resistance 37
3.3.5 Antenna Impedance 37
3.3.6 Equivalent Circuit 37
3.3.7 Antenna Matching 38
3.3.8 Effective Length and Area 38
3.3.9 Friis’ Transmission Formula 39
3.3.10 Radiation Intensity 39
3.3.11 Radiation Pattern 39
3.3.12 (Antenna) Bandwidth 41
3.3.13 Directive Gain, Directivity, Power Gain 41
3.3.14 Radiation Efficiency 42
3.4 Basic Antenna Elements 42
3.4.1 Finite-Length Dipole 42
3.4.2 Monopole 44
3.4.3 Printed Antennas 45
3.4.4 Wideband and Frequency-Independent Elements 45
References 47
4 Antenna Arrays 49
Ernest E. Okon
4.1 Introduction 49
4.2 Point Sources 49
4.2.1 Point Sources with Equal Amplitude and Phase 50
4.2.2 Point Sources with Equal Amplitude and 180 Degrees Phase Difference 53
4.2.3 Point Sources of Unequal Amplitude and Arbitrary Phase Difference 53
4.3 The Principle of Pattern Multiplication 55
4.4 Linear Arrays of n Elements 56
4.5 Linear Broadside Arrays with Nonuniform Amplitude Distributions 58
4.5.1 The Binomial Distribution 59
4.5.2 The Dolph–Tschebyscheff Distribution 59
4.6 Planar Arrays 62
4.6.1 Rectangular Arrays 62
4.6.2 Circular Arrays 63
Contents vii
4.7 Design Considerations 65
4.7.1 Mutual Coupling 65
4.7.2 Array Gain 65
4.8 Summary 66
References 66
5 Beamforming 67
Ben Allen
5.1 Introduction 67
5.1.1 Historical Aspects 67
5.1.2 Concept of Spatial Signal Processing 68
5.2 Antenna Arrays 69
5.2.1 Linear Array 70
5.2.2 Circular Array 71
5.2.3 Planar Array 72
5.2.4 Conformal Arrays 72
5.3 Adaptive Array Systems 73
5.3.1 Spatial Filtering 73
5.3.2 Adaptive Antenna Arrays 74
5.3.3 Mutual Coupling and Correlation 74
5.4 Beamforming 75
5.4.1 Adaptive Antenna Technology 75
5.4.2 Beam Steering 78
5.4.3 Grating Lobes 83
5.4.4 Amplitude Weights 84
5.4.5 Window Functions 85
5.5 Summary 86
References 87
6 Antenna Diversity Techniques 89
Junsheng Liu, Wasim Q. Malik, David J. Edwards and Mohammad Ghavami
6.1 Introduction 89
6.2 A Review of Fading 89
6.2.1 Signal Fading 90
6.2.2 Channel Distribution 91
6.3 Receive Diversity 93
6.3.1 Single Branch without Diversity 93
6.3.2 General Combining Schemes for Receive Diversity 95
6.3.3 Maximum Ratio Combining 96
6.3.4 Equal Gain Combining 98
6.3.5 Selection Combining and Switched Diversity 99
6.3.6 Fading Correlation 99
6.4 Transmit Diversity 100
6.4.1 Channel Unknown to the Transmitter 101
6.4.2 Channel Known to the Transmitter 102
6.5 MIMO Diversity Systems 102
References 103
viii Contents
Part II Antennas for UWB Communications 105
Introduction to Part II 107
Ernest E. Okon
7 Theory of UWB Antenna Elements 111
Xiaodong Chen
7.1 Introduction 111
7.2 Mechanism of UWB Monopole Antennas 112
7.2.1 Basic Features of a CPW-Fed Disc Monopole 112
7.2.2 Design Analysis 118
7.2.3 Operating Principle of UWB Monopole Antennas 120
7.3 Planar UWB Monopole Antennas 121
7.3.1 CPW-Fed Circular Disc Monopole 121
7.3.2 Microstrip Line Fed Circular Disc Monopole 125
7.3.3 Other Shaped Disc Monopoles 129
7.4 Planar UWB Slot Antennas 132
7.4.1 Microstrip/CPW Feed Slot Antenna Designs 132
7.4.2 Performance of Elliptical/Circular Slot Antennas 134
7.4.3 Design Analysis 138
7.5 Time-Domain Characteristics of Monopoles 140
7.5.1 Time-Domain Performance of Disc Monopoles 142
7.5.2 Time-Domain Performance of Slot Antenna 143
7.6 Summary 144
Acknowledgements 144
References 144
8 Antenna Elements for Impulse Radio 147
Zhi Ning Chen
8.1 Introduction 147
8.2 UWB Antenna Classification and Design Considerations 148
8.2.1 Classification of UWB Antennas 148
8.2.2 Design Considerations 150
8.3 Omnidirectional and Directional Designs 153
8.3.1 Omnidirectional Roll Antenna 153
8.3.2 Directional Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna 155
8.4 Summary 160
References 161
9 Planar Dipole-like Antennas for Consumer Products 163
Peter Massey
9.1 Introduction 163
9.2 Computer Modelling and Measurement Techniques 164
9.3 Bicone Antennas and the Lossy Transmission Line Model 164
9.4 Planar Dipoles 167
9.4.1 Bowtie Dipoles 167
9.4.2 Elliptical Element Dipoles 171
9.4.3 Fan Element Dipoles 173
9.4.4 Diamond Dipoles 176
Contents ix
9.5 Practical Antennas 178
9.5.1 Printed Elliptical Dipoles 178
9.5.2 Line-Matched Monopoles 185
9.5.3 Vivaldi Antenna 189
9.6 Summary 194
Acknowledgements 195
References 195
10 UWB Antenna Elements for Consumer Electronic Applications 197
Dirk Manteuffel
10.1 Introduction 197
10.2 Numerical Modelling and Extraction of the UWB Characterisation 199
10.2.1 FDTD Modelling 199
10.2.2 UWB Antenna Characterisation by Spatio-Temporal Transfer Functions 201
10.2.3 Calculation of Typical UWB Antenna Measures from the Transfer
Function of the Antenna 202
10.2.4 Example 204
10.3 Antenna Design and Integration 205
10.3.1 Antenna Element Design and Optimisation 206
10.3.2 Antenna Integration into a DVD Player 208
10.3.3 Antenna Integration into a Mobile Device 211
10.3.4 Conclusion 213
10.4 Propagation Modelling 214
10.5 System Analysis 215
10.6 Conclusions 218
References 220
11 Ultra-wideband Arrays 221
Ernest E. Okon
11.1 Introduction 221
11.2 Linear Arrays 221
11.2.1 Broadside Array 222
11.2.2 End-fire Array 222
11.2.3 End-fire Array with Increased Directivity 224
11.2.4 Scanning Arrays 224
11.3 Null and Maximum Directions for Uniform Arrays 225
11.3.1 Null Directions 225
11.3.2 Maximum Directions 226
11.3.3 Circle Representations 228
11.4 Phased Arrays 230
11.4.1 Element Spacing Required to Avoid Grating Lobes 231
11.5 Elements for UWB Array Design 232
11.6 Modelling Considerations 234
11.7 Feed Configurations 234
11.7.1 Active Array 235
11.7.2 Passive Array 235
11.8 Design Considerations 238
x Contents
11.9 Summary 239
References 240
12 UWB Beamforming 241
Mohammad Ghavami and Kaveh Heidary
12.1 Introduction 241
12.2 Basic Concept 242
12.3 A Simple Delay-line Transmitter Wideband Array 243
12.3.1 Angles of Grating Lobes 246
12.3.2 Inter-null Beamwidth 248
12.4 UWB Mono-pulse Arrays 249
12.4.1 Problem Formulation 249
12.4.2 Computed Results 251
12.5 Summary 257
References 258
Part III Propagation Measurements and Modelling for UWB Communications 259
Introduction to Part III 261
Mischa Dohler and Ben Allen
13 Analysis of UWB Signal Attenuation Through Typical Building Materials 265
Domenico Porcino
13.1 Introduction 265
13.2 A Brief Overview of Channel Characteristics 267
13.3 The Materials Under Test 270
13.4 Experimental Campaign 272
13.4.1 Equipment Configuration 275
13.4.2 Results 278
13.5 Conclusions 281
References 281
14 Large- and Medium-scale Propagation Modelling 283
Mischa Dohler, Junsheng Liu, R. Michael Buehrer, Swaroop
Venkatesh and Ben Allen
14.1 Introduction 283
14.2 Deterministic Models 284
14.2.1 Free-space Pathloss – Excluding the Effect of Antennas 284
14.2.2 Free-space Pathloss – Considering the Effect of Antennas 287
14.2.3 Breakpoint Model 291
14.2.4 Ray-tracing and FDTD Approaches 296
14.3 Statistical-Empirical Models 297
14.3.1 Pathloss Coefficient 297
14.3.2 Shadowing 301
14.4 Standardised Reference Models 303
14.4.1 IEEE 802.15.3a 304
14.4.2 IEEE 802.15.4a 304
Contents xi
14.5 Conclusions 306
References 306
15 Small-scale Ultra-wideband Propagation Modelling 309
Swaroop Venkatesh, R. Michael Buehrer, Junsheng Liu
and Mischa Dohler
15.1 Introduction 309
15.2 Small-scale Channel Modelling 310
15.2.1 Statistical Characterisation of the Channel Impulse Response 310
15.2.2 Deconvolution Methods and the Clean Algorithm 312
15.2.3 The Saleh-Valenzuela Model 312
15.2.4 Other Temporal Models 316
15.3 Spatial Modelling 321
15.4 IEEE 802.15.3a Standard Model 324
15.5 IEEE 802.15.4a Standard Model 325
15.6 Summary 327
References 327
16 Antenna Design and Propagation Measurements and Modelling
for UWBWireless BAN 331
Yang Hao, Akram Alomainy and Yan Zhao
16.1 Introduction 331
16.2 Propagation Channel Measurements and Characteristics 332
16.2.1 Antenna Element Design Requirements for WBAN 332
16.2.2 Antennas for UWB Wireless BAN Applications 333
16.2.3 On-Body Radio Channel Measurements 335
16.2.4 Propagation Channel Characteristics 338
16.3 WBAN Channel Modelling 345
16.3.1 Radio Channel Modelling Considerations 346
16.3.2 Two-Dimensional On-Body Propagation Channels 349
16.3.3 Three-Dimensional On-Body Propagation Channels 350
16.3.4 Pathloss Modelling 351
16.4 UWB System-Level Modelling of Potential Body-Centric Networks 353
16.4.1 System-Level Modelling 353
16.4.2 Performance Analysis 354
16.5 Summary 355
References 358
17 Ultra-wideband Spatial Channel Characteristics 361
Wasim Q. Malik, Junsheng Liu, Ben Allen and David J. Edwards
17.1 Introduction 361
17.2 Preliminaries 361
17.3 UWB Spatial Channel Representation 362
17.4 Characterisation Techniques 363
17.5 Increase in the Communication Rate 364
17.5.1 UWB Channel Capacity 364
17.5.2 Capacity with CSIR Only 365
xii Contents
17.5.3 Capacity with CSIT 366
17.5.4 Statistical Characterisation 366
17.5.5 Experimental Evaluation of Capacity 367
17.6 Signal Quality Improvement 370
17.6.1 UWB SNR Gain 371
17.6.2 SNR Gain with CSIR Only 371
17.6.3 SNR Gain with CSIT 371
17.6.4 Statistical Characterisation 372
17.6.5 Experimental Evaluation of Diversity 372
17.6.6 Coverage Range Extension 375
17.7 Performance Parameters 375
17.7.1 Spatial Fading Correlation 375
17.7.2 Eigen Spectrum 377
17.7.3 Angular Spread 379
17.7.4 Array Orientation 379
17.7.5 Channel Memory 380
17.7.6 Channel Information Quality 380
17.8 Summary 381
References 381
Part IV UWB Radar, Imaging and Ranging 385
Introduction to Part IV 387
Anthony K. Brown
18 Localisation in NLOS Scenarios with UWB Antenna Arrays 389
Thomas Kaiser, Christiane Senger, Amr Eltaher and Bamrung Tau Sieskul
18.1 Introduction 389
18.2 Underlying Mathematical Framework 394
18.3 Properties of UWB Beamforming 398
18.4 Beamloc Approach 401
18.5 Algorithmic Framework 403
18.6 Time-delay Estimation 404
18.7 Simulation Results 406
18.8 Conclusions 410
References 410
19 Antennas for Ground-penetrating Radar 413
Ian Craddock
19.1 Introduction 413
19.2 GPR Example Applications 413
19.2.1 GPR for Demining 413
19.2.2 Utility Location and Road Inspection 414
19.2.3 Archaeology and Forensics 416
19.2.4 Built-structure Imaging 418
19.3 Analysis and GPR Design 419
19.3.1 Typical GPR Configuration 419
19.3.2 RF Propagation in Lossy Media 420
Contents xiii
19.3.3 Radar Waveform Choice 423
19.3.4 Other Antenna Design Criteria 424
19.4 Antenna Elements 425
19.4.1 Dipole, Resistively Loaded Dipole and Monopoles 425
19.4.2 Bicone and Bowtie 426
19.4.3 Horn Antennas 428
19.4.4 Vivaldi Antenna 428
19.4.5 CPW-fed Slot Antenna 429
19.4.6 Spiral Antennas 429
19.5 Antenna Measurements, Analysis and Simulation 430
19.5.1 Antenna Measurement 430
19.5.2 Antenna Analysis and Simulation 432
19.6 Conclusions 433
Acknowledgements 434
References 434
20 Wideband Antennas for Biomedical Imaging 437
Ian Craddock
20.1 Introduction 437
20.2 Detection and Imaging 437
20.2.1 Breast Cancer Detection Using Radio Waves 437
20.2.2 Radio-wave Imaging of the Breast 438
20.3 Waveform Choice and Antenna Design Criteria 440
20.4 Antenna Elements 441
20.4.1 Dipoles, Resistively Loaded Dipoles and Monopoles 441
20.4.2 Bowtie 442
20.4.3 Horn Antennas 443
20.4.4 Spiral Antennas 443
20.4.5 Stacked-patch Antennas 444
20.5 Measurements, Analysis and Simulation 445
20.5.1 Antenna Measurement 445
20.5.2 Antenna Analysis and Simulation 446
20.6 Conclusions 447
Acknowledgements 448
References 448
21 UWB Antennas for Radar and Related Applications 451
Anthony K. Brown
21.1 Introduction 451
21.2 Medium- and Long-Range Radar 452
21.3 UWB Reflector Antennas 453
21.3.1 Definitions 453
21.3.2 Equivalent Aperture Model for Impulse Radiation 454
21.3.3 Parabolic Antenna 456
21.4 UWB Feed Designs 459
21.4.1 Feed Pattern Effects 460
21.4.2 Phase Centre Location 460
21.4.3 Input Impedance 460
xiv Contents
21.4.4 Polarisation 460
21.4.5 Blockage Effects 461
21.5 Feeds with Low Dispersion 461
21.5.1 Planar Spiral Antennas 461
21.5.2 TEM Feeds 462
21.5.3 Impulse Radiating Antenna (IRA) 466
21.6 Summary 468
References 468
Index 471
Ultra Wideband Antennas and Propagation for Communications.part3
ص
[ 本帖最后由 drjiachen 于 2008-12-8 19:41 编辑 ]
Ultra Wideband Antennas and Propagation for Communications.part1
Ultra Wideband Antennas and Propagation for Communications.part2
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谢谢分享。向楼主学习。。。。。。。
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这本好书居然没有人顶啊 :31bb :31bb :31bb
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Target Detection by Marine Radar
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1
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xia zai kan kan ,xie xie fen xiang
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Thank you very much~~~
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Thanks
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Ultra Wideband Antennas and Propagation for Communications, Radar and Imaging: Ultra Wideband Antennas and Propagation for Communications.part1.rar
