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Applied Electromagnetics and Electromagnetic Compatibility:

Applied Electromagnetics and Electromagnetic Compatibility
By Dipak L. Sengupta, Valdis V. Liepa

Publisher: Wiley-Interscience
Number Of Pages: 486
Publication Date: 2005-11-11
Sales Rank: 1586213
ISBN / ASIN: 0471165492
EAN: 9780471165491
Binding: Hardcover
Manufacturer: Wiley-Interscience
Studio: Wiley-Interscience

Applied Electromagnetics and Electromagnetic Compatibility deals with Radio Frequency Interference (RFI), which is the reception of undesired radio signals originating from digital electronics and electronic equipment. With today’s rapid development of radio communication, these undesired signals as well as signals due to natural phenomena such as lightning, sparking, and others are becoming increasingly important in the general area of Electro Magnetic Compatibility (EMC). EMC can be defined as the capability of some electronic equipment or system to be operated at desired levels of performance in a given electromagnetic environment without generating EM emissions unacceptable to other systems operating in the vicinity

CONTENTS
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 General Considerations
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Definitions
1.3 Interference mechanisms
1.4 Examples
1 .S Discussion
References
2 The Electromagnetic Environment
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Natural Noise
2.3 Man-Made Noise
2.4 CW and Transient Sources
2.5
2.6 Noise Emission Intensity
2.7 Home Environment
2.8 Discussion of Noise Sources
2.9
Characteristic Parameters of Authorized Radiators
Subject Matter of the Book
References
3 Fundamentals of Fields and Waves
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Basic Parameters
3.3 Time Dependent Relations
3.3.1
3.3.2 Faraday’s Law
3.3.3 Ampere’s Circuital Law
3.3.4 Lorentz Force Law
3.3.5 Maxwell’s Equations
3.3.6
3.3.7 Media Considerations
3.3.8 Boundary Conditions
3.3.9
3.3.10 Uniqueness Theorem
3.4.1 Introduction
3.4.2 Phasors
3.4.3 Time Harmonic Relations
3.4.4 Complex Permittivity
3.4.5 Boundary Conditions Again
3.4.6 Notes on the Solution
3.4.7 The Complex Poynting Theorem
3.5.1 Time Dependent Case
3.5.2 Time Harmonic Case
Continuity of Current and Conservation of Charge
Historical Comments on Maxwell’s Equations
Energy Flow and Poynting’s Theorem
3.4 Harmonically Oscillating Fields
3.5 The Wave Equation
3.6 Uniform Plane Waves
3.6.1 General Considerations
3.6.2 Energy Considerations
3.6.3 Group Velocity
3.6.4 Summary
3.6.5 General Representation of TEM Waves
3.6.6 Plane Waves in Lossy Media
3.6.7 Skin Effect
3.6.8 Polarization of Plane Waves
Reflection and Refraction (Transmission) of Plane Waves
3.7.1
3.7.2 Oblique Incidence
References
Problems
3.7
Normal Incidence on a Plane Interface
4 Signal Waveform and Spectral Analysis
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
Introduction
Classification of Signals
Energy Signals
4.3.1 Definitions
4.3.2 A Rectangular Pulse
Power Signals
4.4.1 Periodic Signals
4.4.2 Trapezoidal Waveform
Examples of Some Signals
References
Problems
5 Transmission Lines
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Basic Discussion
5.3
5.4
5.5 Wave Equations
5.6 Frequency Domain Analysis
Transverse Electromagnetic (TEM) Transmission Lines
Telegrapher’s Equations: Quasi-Lumped Circuit Model
5.6.1 General Solution
5.6.2 Further Discussion of Propagation Constant and
Characteristic Impedance
5.6.3 Voltage, Current, and Impedance Relations
X CONTENTS
5.7 Line Parameters
5.7.1 Coaxial Line
5.7.2 Parallel Wire Line
5.7.3 Parallel Plate Line
5.7.4
5.7.5 Microstrip Line
5.7.6 Stripline
5.7.7 Comments
Circular Wire above a Ground Plane
5.8 Transients on Transmission Lines
5.8.1
5.8.2 Transient Values
Initial and Final (,Steady State) Values
5.9 Measurements
5.9.1 Slotted Line Measurements
5.9.2 Network Analyzer Measurement
References
Problems
6 Antennas and Radiation
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Potential Functions
6.3 Radiation from a Short Current Element
6.3.1 Complete Fields
6.3.2
6.3.3
6.3.4
6.3.5 Wave Impedance
Radiation from a Small Loop of Current
6.4.1 Complete Fields
6.4.2 Far Zone Fields
6.4.3 Radiated Power
6.4.4 Wave Impedance
6.5 Fundamental Antenna Parameters
6.5.1 Radiation lntensity
6.5.2 Directivity and Gain
Far Fields of Arbitrary Current Distributions
6.6.1
Near Zone and Far Zone Considerations
Near Zone and Far Zone Fields
Radiated Power and Radiation Pattern
6.4
6.6
The Radiation Vector and the Far Fields
CONTENTS xi
6.6.2
6.6.3 Summary
6.7 Linear Antennas
6.7.1 Center-Fed Linear Antenna
6.7.2
6.7.3 Radiated Power and Directivity
6.7.4
6.7.5 The Half-Wave Dipole
Near Field and Far Field Regions
6.8.1 Basic Assumptions
6.8.2 Point or Small Sources
6.8.3 Extended Sources
6.8.4 Definitions of Various Regions
6.8.5
Vector Effective Length of an Antenna
Far Fields of a Dipole of Length f
Cosine, Sine, and Modified Cosine Integrals
6.8
Specific Values of the Region Boundaries
6.9 Equivalent Circuits of Antennas
6.9.1 Transmitting Antenna
6.9.2 Receiving Antennas
6.9.3 Equivalent Area
6.10.1 General Considerations
6.10.2 A Two-Element Array
6.1 1 . 1 Ground and Ground Plane
6.1 1.2 Image Theory
6.1 1.3 Images of Electric Current Elements above Perfect Ground
6.1 1.4 Dipoles above Ground
6.1 1.5 Monopole Antennas
6.12.1 Biconical Transmission Line
6.12.2 Finite Biconical Antenna
References
Problems
6.10 Antenna Arrays
6.1 1 Antennas Above Ground
6.12 Biconical Antenna
7 Behavior of Circuit Components
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Series RLC Circuit
7.3 Definitions of Lumped Circuit Parameters R, L, and c
7.3.1 Circuit Theory Description
7.3.2 Field Theory Description
7.4.1 Resistance
7.4.2 Internal Inductance
External Inductance of Round Wire Configurations
7.5.1 General Relations
7.5.2 Circular Loops
7.6 Inductance of Straight Wires
7.6.1 Partial Inductance
7.6.2
7.4 Round Wires
7.5
Inductance of a Closed Rectangular Loop
Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Lines
Microstrip, Strip, and Coplanar Lines
7.7 Other Configurations
7.7.1
7.7.2
7.8 Behavior of Circuit Elements
7.8.1 Bode Plots
7.8.2 Resistors
7.8.3 Capacitors
7.8.4 Inductors
References
Problems
8 Radiated Emissions and Susceptibility
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Main Requirements
8.3 Emissions from Linear Elements
8.4 Two Parallel Currents
8.4.1 Introduction
8.4.2 Two Parallel Currents
Transmission Line Models for Susceptibility
8.5.1 Introduction
8.5.2
References
8.5
Voltage Induced on the Two-Wire Transmission Line
9 Electromagnetic Shielding 351
CONTENTS xiii
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
Introduction
Definitions
Shielding Effectiveness
9.3. I Introduction
9.3.2 SE Expressions for Computation
Shielding Effectiveness: Near Field Illumination
9.4.1 Electric and Magnetic Sources
9.4.2
Discussion
9.5.1 Far Zone Fields
9.5.2 Near Zone Fields
References
SE Expressions: Near Zone Considerations
10 Coupling between Devices
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Capacitive (Electric) Coupling [ I , 31
10.3 Magnetic (Inductive) Coupling
10.3.1 Some Basic Concepts
10.3.2 Shielding of the Receptor Conductor
References
11 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)
1 1 . 1 Introduction
1 1.2 Accumulation of Static Charge on Bodies
1 1.3 Charging and Charge Separation
1 1.4 Human Body as Source of ESD
11.5 ESD Waveforms
1 1.6 Human Body Circuit Model
1 I .7 ESD Generator and ESD Test
References
12 EMC Standards
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Current US Standards
12.2.1 Introduction
12.2.2 FCC Radiated Emission Limits for Digital Devices
12.2.3 FCC Conducted Emission Limits for Digital Devices
12.3 EMI/EMC Standards: Non-US Countries
12.3.1 CISPR Standards
12.3.2 European Norms
References
13 Measurements of Emission
13.1 Introduction
13.2 General
13.3 Radiated Emissions
13.3.1 Introduction
13.3.2 Receiver
13.3.3 Antennas
13.3.4 Some Results
13.4 Conducted Emissions
13.4.1 Introduction
13.4.2 Noise on Power Supply Lines
13.4.3 Transients on Power Supply Lines
13.4.4 Conducted Emissions from a DUT
13.4.5 Some Results
References
Appendix A: Vectors and Vector Analysis
A. 1 Introduction
A.2 Definitions of Scalar and Vector Fields
A.2.1 Scalar Fields
A.2.2 Vector Fields
A.3 Vector Algebra
A.3.1 Definitions
A.3.2
A.3.3
A.3.4 Unit Vectors
A.3.5
Addition and Subtraction of Vectors
Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar Quantity
Vector Displacement and Components of a Vector
A.4 Vector Surface Element
A S Product of Vectors
A S . 1 Dot Product of Two Vectors
A.5.2
A.5.3 Product of Three Vectors
A.6.1 Three Basic Coordinate Systems
A.6.2
A.7 Elementary Differential Relations
A.7.1 Rectangular System
A.7.2 Cylindrical and Spherical Systems
The Cross Product of Two Vectors
A.6 Coordinate Systems
Space Variables and Base Vectors
A.8 Transformation of Unit Vectors
A.9 Vector Calculus
A.9.1
A.9.2
A.9.3
A.9.4 Flux of a Vector
A.9.5
A.9.6
Time Derivative of Vector A
Space Derivatives of a Vector A
Gradient of a Scalar Function
Divergence of a Vector A
Curl of a Vector Function
A.10 The Laplacian V2 = V . V
A. 1 1 Comments on Notation
A. 12 Some Useful Relations
A.12.1 Vector Algebra
A. 12.2 Vector Identities
A. 12.3 Integral Relations
References
Problems
Appendix B: Frequency Band Designations
Appendix C: Constitutive Relations
Index

Applied Electromagnetics and Electromagnetic Compatibility.part02
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