Electron beams and microwave vacuum electronics (Wiley, 2007).part1.rar

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Tsimring, Shulim E., 1924–
Electron beams and microwave vacuum electronics / by Shulim E. Tsimring.
p. cm.
“A Wiley-Interscience publication.”
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-470-04816-0
ISBN-10: 0-470-04816-6
1. Vacuum microelectronics. 2. Electron beams. I. Title.
TK7874.9.T75 2006
621.3815012–

Contents
PREFACE xix
Introduction 1
I.1 Outline of the Book 1
I.2 List of Symbols 5
I.3 Electromagnetic Fields and Potentials 6
I.4 Principle of Least Action. Lagrangian. Generalized
Momentum. Lagrangian Equations 7
I.5 Hamiltonian. Hamiltonian Equations 9
I.6 Liouville Theorem 10
I.6.1 Liouville Theorem for Interaction Particles 10
I.6.2 Liouville Theorem for Noninteraction Identical Particles 11
I.6.3 Liouville Theorem for a Phase Space of
Lesser Dimensions 12
I.7 Emittance. Brightness 12
I.7.1 Emittance in a Zero Magnetic Field 12
I.7.2 Brightness 13
I.7.3 Maximum Langmuir Brightness for
Thermionic Emitters 14
PART I ELECTRON BEAMS 15
1 Motion of Electrons in External Electric and Magnetic
Static Fields 17
1.1 Introduction 17
1.2 Energy of a Charged Particle 17
1.3 Potential–Velocity Relation (Static Fields) 18
vii
1.4 Electrons in a Linear Electric Field e0E ¼ kx 20
1.4.1 Nonrelativistic Approximation 20
1.4.2 Relativistic Oscillator 20
1.5 Motion of Electrons in Homogeneous Static Fields 21
1.5.1 Electric Field 21
1.5.2 Magnetic Field 23
1.5.3 Parallel Electric and Magnetic Fields 25
1.5.4 Perpendicular Fields E and B 27
1.5.5 Arbitrary Orientation of Fields E and B.
Nonrelativistic Approximation 30
1.6 Motion of Electrons in Weakly Inhomogeneous Static Fields 31
1.6.1 Small Variations in Electromagnetic Fields Acting
on Moving Charged Particles 32
1.6.2 Adiabatic Invariants 33
1.6.3 Motion of the Guiding Center 37
1.7 Motion of Electrons in Fields with Axial and Plane Symmetry.
Busch’s Theorem 41
1.7.1 Systems with Axial Symmetry. Busch’s Theorem 41
1.7.2 Formation of Helical Trajectories at a Jump in a
Magnetic Field 43
1.7.3 Systems with Plane Symmetry 44
2 Electron Lenses 47
2.1 Introduction 47
2.2 Maupertuis’s Principle. Electron-Optical Refractive Index.
Differential Equations of Trajectories 48
2.2.1 Maupertuis’s Principle. Differential Equations
of Trajectories 48
2.2.2 General Properties of Charged-Particle Trajectories
in Electromagnetic Fields 50
2.3 Differential Equations of Trajectories in Axially Symmetric Fields 51
2.4 Differential Equations of Paraxial Trajectories in Axially
Symmetric Fields Without a Space Charge 53
2.5 Formation of Images by Paraxial Trajectories 56
2.5.1 Linearization of Trajectory Equations 56
2.5.2 Rotation of an Image. Stigmatic Imaging. Image Similarity 57
2.5.3 Magnifications 59
2.6 Electrostatic Axially Symmetric Lenses 61
2.6.1 Classification of Electrostatic Lenses 61
2.6.2 Immersion and Unipotential Lenses 63
2.6.3 Cardinal Elements of a Lens with Limited Field Extent 65
2.6.4 Focal Length of Thin Unipotential and Immersion Lenses 67
viii CONTENTS
2.6.5 Aperture Lenses 69
2.6.6 Applications of Cathode Lenses 73
2.7 Magnetic Axially Symmetric Lenses 76
2.7.1 Equations of Paraxial Trajectories. Classification of
Magnetic Lenses 76
2.7.2 Short Magnetic Lenses 77
2.7.3 Strong Magnetic Lenses 80
2.7.4 Long Magnetic Lenses 86
2.8 Aberrations of Axially Symmetric Lenses 87
2.8.1 Geometric Aberrations 87
2.8.2 Chromatic Aberration 94
2.8.3 Disturbances of Axial Symmetry 96
2.8.4 Space-Charge Fields 96
2.8.5 Electron Diffraction 97
2.9 Comparison of Electrostatic and Magnetic Lenses.
Transfer Matrix of Lenses 97
2.9.1 Comparison of the Optical Power of Electrostatic and
Magnetic Lenses 97
2.9.2 Second-Order Focusing of Axially Symmetric Lenses 98
2.9.3 Transfer Matrix of Lenses 99
2.10 Quadrupole lenses 101
2.10.1 Introduction 101
2.10.2 Equation of Paraxial Trajectories 103
2.10.3 Transfer Matrix 104
2.10.4 Cardinal Elements 105
2.10.5 Quadrupole Doublets 108
2.10.6 Quadrupole Triplets 109
2.10.7 Applications of Quadrupole Lenses 109
3 Electron Beams with Self Fields 113
3.1 Introduction 113
3.2 Self-Consistent Equations of Steady-State Space-Charge
Electron Beams 116
3.2.1 Single-Flow Approximation (Laminar Beams).
Pinch Effect 116
3.2.2 Multistream Flows 119
3.2.3 Kinetic Description 120
3.3 Euler’s Form of a Motion Equation. Lagrange and
Poincare´ Invariants of Laminar Flows 123
3.3.1 Equation of Motion in Euler Form. Regular Beams 123
3.3.2 Lagrange and Poincare´ Invariants 124
3.3.3 Generalized Busch Theorem 126
CONTENTS ix
3.4 Nonvortex Beams. Action Function. Planar Nonrelativistic Diode.
Perveance. Child–Langmuir Formula. r- and T-Modes of
Electron Beams 127
3.4.1 Indications of Congruent Beams 127
3.4.2 Differential Equation of a Congruent Beam 127
3.4.3 Nonmagnetic Congruent Beams 128
3.4.4 Application of an Action Function to Analysis of a Planar
Nonrelativistic Diode. Child–Langmuir Formula.
r- and T-Modes 129
3.4.5 Influence of Initial Velocities 131
3.4.6 Optical Definition of a Congruent Beam 131
3.5 Solutions of Self-Consistent Equations for Curvilinear
Space-Charge Laminar Beams. Meltzer Flow. Planar Magnetron
with an Inclined Magnetic Field. Dryden Flow 131
3.5.1 Forms of Representation of Solutions for Curvilinear
Space-Charge Beams 131
3.5.2 Normal Congruent Nonrelativistic Beams.
Single-Component Flows 133
3.5.3 Meltzer Flow 134
3.5.4 Laminar Noncongruent Beams 136
4 Electron Guns 143
4.1 Introduction 143
4.2 Pierce’s Synthesis Method for Gun Design 143
4.3 Internal Problems of Synthesis. Relativistic Planar Diode.
Cylindrical and Spherical Diodes 145
4.3.1 Relativistic Planar Diode in the r-Mode 145
4.3.2 Nonrelativistic Cylindrical and Spherical Diodes
in the r-Mode 147
4.4 External Problems of Synthesis. Cauchy Problem 150
4.4.1 Cauchy Problem for Laplace’s Equation 150
4.4.2 Synthesis of a Pierce Gun 152
4.5 Synthesis of Electrode Systems for Two-Dimensional
Curvilinear Beams with Translation Symmetry
(Lomax–Kirstein Method). Magnetron Injection Gun 153
4.5.1 Lomax–Kirstein Method of Synthesis of
Two-Dimensional Systems 153
4.5.2 Design of Electrodes for a Meltzer Flow Gun 156
4.5.3 Design of Electrodes for a Magnetron Injection Gun 158
4.6 Synthesis of Axially Symmetric Electrode Systems 162
4.6.1 Statement of the Problem. Harker’s Method.
Conformal Transformation of a Boundary Trajectory.
Field Equations in a Transformed Plane 162
x CONTENTS
4.6.2 Transformation of Beam Equations to a Hyperbolic Type.
Numerical Realization of Harker’s Method 164
4.7 Electron Guns with Compressed Beams. Magnetron
Injection Gun 167
4.7.1 Electron Guns with Wedge-Shaped and Conic Beams 167
4.7.2 Magnetron Injection Electron Guns (Kino–Taylor Guns) 169
4.7.3 High-Convergence Electron Gun with a Magnetic
Accompaniment 170
4.7.4 Centrifugal Electrostatic Guns 171
4.8 Explosive Emission Guns 172
4.8.1 Introduction 172
4.8.2 Planar Explosive Emission Diodes 173
4.8.3 Magnetically Insulated Diodes 174
5 Transport of Space-Charge Beams 181
5.1 Introduction 181
5.2 Unrippled Axially Symmetric Nonrelativistic Beams in
a Uniform Magnetic field 182
5.2.1 Statement of the Problem. Equations of an
Equilibrium Beam 182
5.2.2 Isovelocity Beams 184
5.2.3 Solid Brillouin Beams 186
5.2.4 Hollow Brillouin Beams 189
5.3 Unrippled Relativistic Beams in a Uniform External
Magnetic Field 191
5.3.1 Introduction 191
5.3.2 Equations of Relativistic Equilibrium Electron Flow 191
5.3.3 Solid Relativistic Brillouin Beams 193
5.4 Cylindrical Beams in an Infinite Magnetic Field 199
5.4.1 Thin Annular Flows in an Infinite Magnetic Field 199
5.4.2 Cylindrical Solid Beams in an Infinite Magnetic Field 202
5.5 Centrifugal Electrostatic Focusing 205
5.5.1 Introduction 205
5.5.2 Self-Consistent Centrifugal Focusing of an Annular
Electron Beam 207
5.5.3 Electron Guns Formatting Harris Flow 209
5.6 Paraxial-Ray Equations of Axially Symmetric Laminar Beams 211
5.6.1 Paraxial-Ray Equations of Axially Symmetric
Hollow Beams with Rectilinear Axis 211
5.6.2 Paraxial-Ray Equations of Axially Symmetric
Solid Beams 214
5.6.3 Expansion of a Laminar Beam in a Uniform Drift Tube 216
CONTENTS xi
5.6.4 Transfer of a Maximal Beam Current Through a
Drift Tube Without External Fields 217
5.7 Axially Symmetric Paraxial Beams in a Uniform Magnetic
Field with Arbitrary Shielding of a Cathode Magnetic Field 219
5.7.1 Paraxial-Ray Equation of an Axially Symmetric
Laminar Beam in a Uniform Magnetic Field and
Its First Integral 220
5.7.2 Equilibrium Radius of an Electron Beam 220
5.7.3 Stiffness of an Electron Beam. Frequency and Wavelength
of Small Ripples 223
5.8 Transport of Space-Charge Beams in Spatial Periodic Fields 224
5.8.1 Introduction 224
5.8.2 Magnetic Periodic Focusing 228
PART II MICROWAVE VACUUM ELECTRONICS 235
6 Quasistationary Microwave Devices 241
6.1 Introduction 241
6.2 Currents in Electron Gaps. Total Current and the
Shockley–Ramo Theorem 241
6.2.1 Total Current. Continuity of Total Current 242
6.2.2 Total Current and the Shockley–Ramo Theorem 243
6.2.3 Particular Cases 245
6.3 Admittance of a Planar Electron Gap. Electron Gap as
an Oscillator. Monotron 247
6.3.1 Formulation of the Problem. Scheme of
the Solution 247
6.3.2 Law of Charge Conservation 248
6.3.3 Calculation of Induced Current 249
6.3.4 Linearization of Induced Current. Complex Admittance
of an Electron Gap 250
6.3.5 Equivalent Circuit of an Electron Gap.
Electron Gap as an Oscillator. Monotron 253
6.4 Equation of Stationary Oscillations of a Resonance
Self-Excited Circuit 254
6.5 Effects of a Space-Charge Field. Total Current Method.
High-Frequency Diode in the r-Mode. Llewellyn–Peterson
Equations 256
6.5.1 Total Current Method 256
6.5.2 Analysis of a Diode for Current Limited by
Space Charge 257
6.5.3 Llewellyn–Peterson Equations 260
xii CONTENTS
7 Klystrons 263
7.1 Introduction 263
7.2 Velocity Modulation of an Electron beam 265
7.3 Cinematic (Elementary) Theory of Bunching 267
7.3.1 Qualitative Discussion 267
7.3.2 Bunching of a Convection Current 268
7.3.3 Fourier Expansion of a Convection Current 271
7.4 Interaction of a Bunched Current with a Catcher Field.
Output Power of A Two-Cavity Klystron 273
7.4.1 Interaction of a Bunched Current with a Catcher Field 273
7.4.2 Output Power and Electron Efficiency in a
Kinematic Approximation 275
7.5 Experimental Characteristics of a Two-Resonator Amplifier
and Frequency-Multiplier Klystrons 276
7.6 Space-Charge Waves in Velocity-Modulated Beams 277
7.6.1 Formulation of the Problem 277
7.6.2 Equations of Space-Charge Waves 278
7.6.3 Fast and Slow Space-Charge Waves 279
7.6.4 Plasma Frequency Reduction Factor 281
7.6.5 Debunching of a Velocity-Modulated Beam by a
Space Charge 281
7.7 Multicavity and Multibeam Klystron Amplifiers 284
7.7.1 Voltage Amplifier Mode (Maximum Gain) 285
7.7.2 Power Amplifier Mode 285
7.7.3 Bandwidth Amplifier Mode 287
7.7.4 Multibeam Klystrons 287
7.8 Relativistic Klystrons 288
7.9 Reflex Klystrons 290
7.9.1 Bunching of an Electron Beam in a Retarded Field 291
7.9.2 Calculation of Electron Power and Efficiency 292
7.9.3 Equation of Stationary Oscillations. Starting Current.
Electronic Frequency Tuning. Oscillation Zones 295
7.9.4 Efficiency and Applications of Reflex Klystrons 296
8 Traveling-Wave Tubes and Backward-Wave Oscillators
(O-Type Tubes) 297
8.1 Introduction 297
8.2 Qualitative Mechanism of Bunching and Energy
Output in a TWTO 298
8.2.1 Scheme of a TWTO 298
8.2.2 Qualitative Mechanism of Bunching and Energy
Radiation in a TWTO 299
CONTENTS xiii
8.3 Slow-Wave Structures 300
8.4 Elements of SWS Theory 302
8.4.1 Floquet’s Theorem 302
8.4.2 Spatial Harmonics 303
8.5 Linear Theory of a Nonrelativistic TWTO. Dispersion Equation,
Gain, Effects of Nonsynchronism, Space Charge, and Loss in
a Slow-Wave Structure 306
8.5.1 Statement of the Problem 306
8.5.2 Bunching of a Convection Current in a
Traveling-Wave Field 306
8.5.3 Excitation of the Field Ew in a Slow-Wave Structure
by a Given Convection Current 308
8.5.4 Dispersion Equation of the TWTO 310
8.5.5 Dimensionless Parameters, Initial Conditions, and Gain
of a Nonrelativistic TWTO 312
8.5.6 Particular Cases 314
8.6 Nonlinear Effects in a Nonrelativistic TWTO. Enhancement
of TWTO Efficiency (Velocity Tapering, Depressed Collectors) 318
8.6.1 Introduction 318
8.6.2 Derivation of Nonlinear Equations of a TWTO 319
8.6.3 Phasing of Electrons and Trapping of Bunches in a
Traveling Wave 324
8.6.4 Enhancement of TWTO Efficiency. Velocity Tapering.
Depressed Collectors 327
8.7 Basic Characteristics and Applications of Nonrelativistic TWTOs 332
8.7.1 Introduction 332
8.7.2 TWTO Noises 333
8.7.3 Influence of Wave Reflections on Gain. Self-Excitation
of TWTOs. Attenuation and Severing 335
8.7.4 Intermodulation Distortion 337
8.7.5 Characteristics of Helical and Coupled-Cavity TWTOs 338
8.8 Backward-Wave Oscillators 341
8.8.1 Traveling-Wave Tube as an Oscillator 341
8.8.2 Backward-Wave Amplifier Tubes: Principles of Operation 342
8.8.3 Gain in Backward Amplifiers and Starting Conditions
of BWOs 343
8.8.4 Frequency Tuning in BWOs 348
8.8.5 Properties of Nonrelativistic BWOs for a Current
Greater Than the Starting Value 348
8.9 Millimeter Nonrelativistic TWTOs, BWOs, and Orotrons 350
8.9.1 Structural Features of Millimeter Nonrelativistic
TWTOs and BWOs 350
8.9.2 Clinotrons 351
8.9.3 Orotrons 352
xiv CONTENTS
8.10 Relativistic TWTOs and BWOs 354
8.10.1 Introduction 354
8.10.2 Equations of Relativistic BWOs and TWTOs.
Relations of Similarity 355
8.10.3 Relativistic BWOs 357
8.10.4 Relativistic TWTOs 360
9 Crossed-Field Amplifiers and Oscillators (M-Type Tubes) 363
9.1 Introduction 363
9.2 Elementary Theory of a Planar MTWT 364
9.2.1 Scheme of a Planar MTWT. Electron Beam in DC
Crossed Fields 364
9.2.2 Motion and Bunching of Electrons in a High-Frequency
Field (Adiabatic Approximation) 365
9.2.3 Comparison of Basic Features of Bunching and
Energy Transfer in MTWTs and TWTOs 368
9.3 MTWT Amplification 369
9.3.1 Equation of Excitation 369
9.3.2 Dispersion Equation 371
9.3.3 Gain of an MTWT 372
9.3.4 Effects of Space Charge and Losses 373
9.3.5 Nonlinear Gain of an MTWT 375
9.3.6 Efficiency of an MTWT 375
9.4 M-type Injected Beam Backward-Wave Oscillators
(MWO, M-Carcinotron) 377
9.4.1 Introduction 377
9.4.2 Starting Conditions of an MBWO 377
9.4.3 Large-Signal Effects 380
9.4.4 Parameters and Construction of an MBWO 381
9.5 Magnetrons 383
9.5.1 Electromagnetic Field in a Magnetron Resonator 383
9.5.2 Electron Beam in a Magnetron 387
9.5.3 Dynamic Regime of a Magnetron. Threshold
Voltage 391
9.5.4 Magnetron Efficiency 394
9.5.5 Magnetron Performance 395
9.5.6 Magnetron Frequency Tuning 396
9.6 Relativistic Magnetrons 400
9.6.1 Introduction 400
9.6.2 Hull and Buneman–Hartree Conditions 401
9.6.3 Performance of Relativistic Magnetrons 402
9.6.4 Pulse Duration, Repetitive Operations, and Phase Locking
in Relativistic Magnetrons 404
9.7 Magnetically Insulated Line Oscillators 405
CONTENTS xv
9.7.1 MILO Principles of Operation. Choke-Equipped MILOs 406
9.7.2 Tapered MILOs 408
9.8 Crossed-Field Amplifiers 410
9.8.1 Basic Types of CFAs 410
9.8.2 Slow-Wave Structures of CFAs 413
9.8.3 Amplification and Efficiency of Amplitrons 414
9.8.4 Amplitron Bandwidth 415
9.8.5 Amplitron Phase Characteristics 417
9.8.6 Electron Emission in CFAs 419
10 Classical Electron Masers and Free Electron Lasers 421
10.1 Introduction 421
10.2 Spontaneous Radiation of Classical Electron Oscillators 423
10.2.1 Introduction 423
10.2.2 Magnetic Bremsstrahlung. Doppler Frequency
Up-Conversion 425
10.3 Stimulated Radiation of Excited Classical Electron Oscillators 427
10.3.1 Admittance of an Ensemble of Classical Oscillators 427
10.3.2 Linear Oscillators Near a Resonance 430
10.3.3 Stimulated Radiation of Nonlinear Oscillators Near
Resonance on the nth Harmonic 432
10.3.4 Spatial Bunching of Classical Oscillators 435
10.4 Examples of Electron Cyclotron Masers 435
10.4.1 Oscillator of Barkhausen–Kurtz 435
10.4.2 Strophotron 436
10.4.3 Ubitron 437
10.4.4 Peniotron 437
10.4.5 Magnicon 438
10.4.6 Trochotron (ECM with Trochoidal Electron Beam) 440
10.4.7 Gyromonotron: Oscillator with a Helical Electron
Beam in a Quasiuniform Waveguide Near Its
Cutoff Frequency 441
10.5 Resonators of Gyromonotrons (Free and Forced Oscillations) 444
10.5.1 Construction and Basic Parameters of Resonators 444
10.5.2 Free Oscillations of Gyrotron Resonators 445
10.5.3 Energy Balance for Free and Forced
Stationary Oscillations 447
10.6 Theory of a Gyromonotron 449
10.6.1 Equation of Electron Motion in a TE Wave at
Quasi-Cutoff Frequency 449
10.6.2 Reducing Eqs. (10.72) and (10.73) to Slow Variables 450
10.6.3 Averaging of Equations 451
xvi CONTENTS
10.6.4 Hamiltonian Form of Averaged Equations 454
10.6.5 Energy Integral of Averaged Equations 455
10.6.6 Averaged Equations in Polar Coordinates 456
10.7 Subrelativistic Gyrotrons 458
10.7.1 Introduction 458
10.7.2 Derivation of Subrelativistic Averaged Equations 459
10.7.3 Results of Integration of Subrelativistic
Gyrotron Equations 461
10.7.4 Linearization of Subrelativistic Gyrotron Equations 463
10.7.5 Starting Regime of a Gyromonotron 465
10.8 Elements of Gyrotron Electron Optics 468
10.8.1 Parameters of Helical Electron Beams 468
10.8.2 Systems of HEB Formation 470
10.8.3 Theory of an Adiabatic Magnetron-Injected Gun in a
Nonrelativistic Approximation 472
10.8.4 Advanced Design of an MIG 475
10.8.5 Velocity, Energy Spread, and Instabilities of HEBs 476
10.8.6 Potential Depression and Limiting Current of HEBs 487
10.9 Mode Interaction and Mode Selection in Gyrotrons.
Output Power Systems 493
10.9.1 Mode Interaction 493
10.9.2 Mode Selection 494
10.9.3 Output Power Systems 499
10.9.4 Output Windows 501
10.9.5 Depressed Collectors 502
10.10 Gyroklystrons 502
10.10.1 Introduction 502
10.10.2 Basic Model 503
10.10.3 Gyroklystron Equations 503
10.10.4 Efficiency, Gain, and Bandwidth of Gyroklystrons 506
10.11 Gyro-Traveling-Wave Tubes 507
10.11.1 Scheme of a Gyro-TWT. Resonance Condition 508
10.11.2 Linear Theory of Gyro-TWTs 509
10.11.3 Bandwidth of Gyro-TWTs 511
10.11.4 Reflective Instability of Gyro-TWTs 512
10.12 Applications of Gyrotrons 513
10.12.1 Introduction 513
10.12.2 Electron–Cyclotron Resonance Heating and
Current Drive 513
10.12.3 Generation of Multiply Charged Ions and
Soft X-rays. Electron Spin Resonance
Spectroscopy 515
10.12.4 Microwave Procession of Materials 515
CONTENTS xvii
10.12.5 Millimeter Radar Systems 516
10.12.6 Gyroklystron RF Drivers for TeV Linear
Electron–Positron Colliders 517
10.13 Cyclotron Autoresonance Masers 518
10.13.1 Moderately Relativistic Gyrotrons 518
10.13.2 Operation Principle and Some Properties of
CARM Oscillators 519
10.14 Free Electron Lasers 521
10.14.1 Introduction 521
10.14.2 Scheme of an FEL 522
10.14.3 Linear Theory of FELs 523
10.14.4 Parameters of FELs 526
10.14.5 Applications of FELs 527
Appendixes 529
1. Proof of the 3/2 Law for Nonrelativistic Diodes in the r-Mode 529
2. Synthesis of Guns for M-Type TWTS and BWOS 530
3. Magnetic Field in Axially Symmetric Systems 532
4. Dispersion Characteristics of Interdigital and Comb Structures 533
5. Electromagnetic Field in Planar Uniform Slow-Wave Structures 536
6. Equations of Free Oscillations of Gyrotron Resonators 537
7. Derivation of Eqs. (10.66) and (10.67) 540
8. Calculation of Fourier Coefficients in Gyrotron Equations 541
9. Magnetic Systems of Gyrotrons 543
References 547
Index 567

Preface
One of the most important features of vacuum electronics is the strong interaction of
two subjects: the physics of electron beams, and vacuum microwave electronics,
including millimeter-wave electronics. This is evident in the statement of electron
beam problems and in the process of creating practically all microwave electron
devices. Comprehension of these subjects is important for the development and
application of devices; in general, it determines the professional level of a researcher
or an engineer in this field.
There are a number of books devoted to the physics of electron beams and
to microwave electronics. However, in books on the physics of electron beams,
the problems of microwave electronics are usually treated briefly. Similarly, in
books on microwave electronics, the theory of electron beams usually occupies a
modest place. Two books (Barker and Schamiloglu, 2001; Barker et al., 2005) are
a notable exception. These books give detailed coverage of most problems of
physics, engineering, technology, and the use of power microwave electronics,
combined with the physics of electron beams and a detailed historical survey.
However, with the exception of the klystron analysis, these books do not include
a systematic exposition of the theory of different devices; instead, they assume
the reader’s familiarity with the theory.
The primary goal of this book is discussion of the foundations of the physics and
theory of electron beams and microwave electronics. The structure is dictated by a
historical sequence from classical vacuum electronics of the twentieth century, to
the impressive achievements of recent years. A similar presentation was offered
by the remarkable books of Chodorow and Susskind (1964), Granatstein and
Alexeff (1987), Kirstein et al. (1967), Kleen (1958), Lawson (1988), and Szilagyi
(1988). The sense of historical perspective gives each new generation of researchers
and teachers confidence that the path chosen is correct, and it protects against
repeating previous errors.
The book consists of two parts. In Part I, the motion of charged particles in static
fields, the theory of electron lenses, and problems of the formation and transport of
xix
intense electron beams are considered. Part II covers the principles and theory of the
interaction of electron beams with electromagnetic waves in quasistationary systems
(e.g., diodes, klystrons), systems with continuous interactions (e.g., traveling-wave
tubes and backward-wave oscillators), crossed-field systems (e.g., traveling-wave
and backward-wave tubes of M type, magnetrons, crossed-field amplifiers), and
finally, the extensive class of systems based on the stimulated radiation of classical
electron oscillators: classical electron masers, including gyrotrons, classical autoresonance
masers, and free electron lasers. Prominent space is given to the relativistic
beams and corresponding powerful relativistic devices that occupy center stage
in contemporary vacuum electronics. The book also provides significant coverage
of theoretical methods. Statements of problems, discussion of models and approximations,
and derivations of formulas are shown as completely as possible. Simultaneously,
my goals are to represent the material in a form accessible to students
as well as to engineers and researchers working in adjacent fields of science and
technology. Careful attention is given to explanations of the physical principles
underlying the operation of devices and the representation of related background
topics. Consequently, the book could be used as a textbook. The work is based on
my lectures at Saratov and Nizhny Novgorod (Gorky) State Universities in
Russia, and research work at the Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian
Academy of Sciences and at General Atomics (San Diego, California).
The book would not be possible without my close contacts with pioneers of
the physics of electron masers and, in particular, gyrotrons: Profs. Andrey
Gaponov-Grekhov and Michael Petelin [Institute of Applied Physics of the
Russian Academy of Science (IAP RAS)]. I wish to express my sincere gratitude
to them for their collaboration, attention, and support. I am also indebted to the
director of IAP RAS, Prof. Alexandr Litvak, and all the friends and associates
with whom I worked for decades at IAP RAS and Nizhny Novgorod State University,
for their cooperation and invaluable help in research. I am grateful to Prof.
Jay Hirshfield and Dr. Vyacheslav Yakovlev (Yale University), Prof. Richard
Temkin and Dr. Michael Shapiro (MIT), Prof. Edl Schamiloglu (New Mexico
University), Prof. Michail Rabinovich (UCSD), Prof. Manfred Thumm (University
Karlsruhe, Germany), and Prof. Olgiert Dumbrajs (Helsinki University of
Technology, Finland), for their support and helpful advice. I am very thankful to
my sons, Dr. Michael Tsimring and especially to Dr. Lev Tsimring (UCSD), for
their considerable help in the preparation of the manuscript.
Finally, I would like to thank George Telecki, Rachel Witmer, and Angioline
Loredo, of Wiley-Interscience, for their great editorial support in the production
of the book.
S.E. TSIMRING

Electron beams and microwave vacuum electronics (Wiley, 2007)

Electron beams and microwave vacuum electronics (Wiley, 2007)

这是物理电子学专业的必备资料，好东西啊
可惜你是管理员，否则会送你几百个金币啊

:31bb:31bb:31bb:31bb:31bb

:27bb :27bb :27bb :27bb

不知道对我有用没有，先下下来看看

You should consult with a professional where appropriate.
Good Book

：21de不知道有用没

谢谢 楼主太厉害了哈

谢谢分享 {:6_939:}

书比较新，以前版本的修订

{:7_1235:}

kan kan xiexie